Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses
The alteration of glucose metabolism is one of the first biochemical characteristics associated with cancer cells since most of these cells increase glucose consumption and glycolytic rates even in the presence of oxygen, which has been called “aerobic glycolysis” or the Warburg...
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doaj-a3410823e84b401f8e7e27dc8c838afc2020-11-25T02:31:01ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672018-06-01197183910.3390/ijms19071839ijms19071839Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by High-Risk Human PapillomavirusesImelda Martínez-Ramírez0Adela Carrillo-García1Adriana Contreras-Paredes2Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez3Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio4Marcela Lizano5Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14080, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14080, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14080, MexicoPrograma de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14080, MexicoThe alteration of glucose metabolism is one of the first biochemical characteristics associated with cancer cells since most of these cells increase glucose consumption and glycolytic rates even in the presence of oxygen, which has been called “aerobic glycolysis” or the Warburg effect. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with approximately 5% of all human cancers worldwide, principally to cervical cancer. E6 and E7 are the main viral oncoproteins which are required to preserve the malignant phenotype. These viral proteins regulate the cell cycle through their interaction with tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRB, respectively. Together with the viral proteins E5 and E2, E6 and E7 can favor the Warburg effect and contribute to radio- and chemoresistance through the increase in the activity of glycolytic enzymes, as well as the inhibition of the Krebs cycle and the respiratory chain. These processes lead to a fast production of ATP obtained by Warburg, which could help satisfy the high energy demands of cancer cells during proliferation. In this way HPV proteins could promote cancer hallmarks. However, it is also possible that during an early HPV infection, the Warburg effect could help in the achievement of an efficient viral replication.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/7/1839Warburg effecthuman papillomavirusmetabolismoxidative phosphorylation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Imelda Martínez-Ramírez Adela Carrillo-García Adriana Contreras-Paredes Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio Marcela Lizano |
spellingShingle |
Imelda Martínez-Ramírez Adela Carrillo-García Adriana Contreras-Paredes Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio Marcela Lizano Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses International Journal of Molecular Sciences Warburg effect human papillomavirus metabolism oxidative phosphorylation |
author_facet |
Imelda Martínez-Ramírez Adela Carrillo-García Adriana Contreras-Paredes Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio Marcela Lizano |
author_sort |
Imelda Martínez-Ramírez |
title |
Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses |
title_short |
Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses |
title_full |
Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses |
title_fullStr |
Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses |
title_sort |
regulation of cellular metabolism by high-risk human papillomaviruses |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
The alteration of glucose metabolism is one of the first biochemical characteristics associated with cancer cells since most of these cells increase glucose consumption and glycolytic rates even in the presence of oxygen, which has been called “aerobic glycolysis” or the Warburg effect. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with approximately 5% of all human cancers worldwide, principally to cervical cancer. E6 and E7 are the main viral oncoproteins which are required to preserve the malignant phenotype. These viral proteins regulate the cell cycle through their interaction with tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRB, respectively. Together with the viral proteins E5 and E2, E6 and E7 can favor the Warburg effect and contribute to radio- and chemoresistance through the increase in the activity of glycolytic enzymes, as well as the inhibition of the Krebs cycle and the respiratory chain. These processes lead to a fast production of ATP obtained by Warburg, which could help satisfy the high energy demands of cancer cells during proliferation. In this way HPV proteins could promote cancer hallmarks. However, it is also possible that during an early HPV infection, the Warburg effect could help in the achievement of an efficient viral replication. |
topic |
Warburg effect human papillomavirus metabolism oxidative phosphorylation |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/7/1839 |
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