Neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.
A single insulin receptor (InR) gene has been identified and extensively studied in model species ranging from nematodes to mice. However, most insects possess additional copies of InR, yet the functional significance, if any, of alternate InRs is unknown. Here, we used the wing-dimorphic brown plan...
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2021-06-01
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doaj-a406c27de97a463e9ee29717b93baf312021-07-24T04:31:12ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042021-06-01176e100965310.1371/journal.pgen.1009653Neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.Wen-Hua XueNan XuSun-Jie ChenXin-Yang LiuJin-Li ZhangHai-Jun XuA single insulin receptor (InR) gene has been identified and extensively studied in model species ranging from nematodes to mice. However, most insects possess additional copies of InR, yet the functional significance, if any, of alternate InRs is unknown. Here, we used the wing-dimorphic brown planthopper (BPH) as a model system to query the role of a second InR copy in insects. NlInR2 resembled the BPH InR homologue (NlInR1) in terms of nymph development and reproduction, but revealed distinct regulatory roles in fuel metabolism, lifespan, and starvation tolerance. Unlike a lethal phenotype derived from NlInR1 null, homozygous NlInR2 null mutants were viable and accelerated DNA replication and cell proliferation in wing cells, thus redirecting short-winged-destined BPHs to develop into long-winged morphs. Additionally, the proper expression of NlInR2 was needed to maintain symmetric vein patterning in wings. Our findings provide the first direct evidence for the regulatory complexity of the two InR paralogues in insects, implying the functionally independent evolution of multiple InRs in invertebrates.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009653 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Wen-Hua Xue Nan Xu Sun-Jie Chen Xin-Yang Liu Jin-Li Zhang Hai-Jun Xu |
spellingShingle |
Wen-Hua Xue Nan Xu Sun-Jie Chen Xin-Yang Liu Jin-Li Zhang Hai-Jun Xu Neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. PLoS Genetics |
author_facet |
Wen-Hua Xue Nan Xu Sun-Jie Chen Xin-Yang Liu Jin-Li Zhang Hai-Jun Xu |
author_sort |
Wen-Hua Xue |
title |
Neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. |
title_short |
Neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. |
title_full |
Neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. |
title_fullStr |
Neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. |
title_sort |
neofunctionalization of a second insulin receptor gene in the wing-dimorphic planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS Genetics |
issn |
1553-7390 1553-7404 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
A single insulin receptor (InR) gene has been identified and extensively studied in model species ranging from nematodes to mice. However, most insects possess additional copies of InR, yet the functional significance, if any, of alternate InRs is unknown. Here, we used the wing-dimorphic brown planthopper (BPH) as a model system to query the role of a second InR copy in insects. NlInR2 resembled the BPH InR homologue (NlInR1) in terms of nymph development and reproduction, but revealed distinct regulatory roles in fuel metabolism, lifespan, and starvation tolerance. Unlike a lethal phenotype derived from NlInR1 null, homozygous NlInR2 null mutants were viable and accelerated DNA replication and cell proliferation in wing cells, thus redirecting short-winged-destined BPHs to develop into long-winged morphs. Additionally, the proper expression of NlInR2 was needed to maintain symmetric vein patterning in wings. Our findings provide the first direct evidence for the regulatory complexity of the two InR paralogues in insects, implying the functionally independent evolution of multiple InRs in invertebrates. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009653 |
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