Engineered Accumulation of Bicarbonate in Plant Chloroplasts: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns
Heterologous synthesis of a biophysical CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in plant chloroplasts offers significant potential to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C3 plants and could translate into substantial increases in crop yield. In organisms utilizing a biophysical CCM, this mechanism ef...
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doaj-a44e8a790fd7410fbd71762437e395ff2021-09-03T22:16:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-08-011210.3389/fpls.2021.727118727118Engineered Accumulation of Bicarbonate in Plant Chloroplasts: Known Knowns and Known UnknownsSarah Rottet0Britta Förster1Wei Yih Hee2Loraine M. Rourke3G. Dean Price4G. Dean Price5Benedict M. Long6Benedict M. Long7Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaRealizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaRealizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaRealizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaRealizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaHeterologous synthesis of a biophysical CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in plant chloroplasts offers significant potential to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C3 plants and could translate into substantial increases in crop yield. In organisms utilizing a biophysical CCM, this mechanism efficiently surrounds a high turnover rate Rubisco with elevated CO2 concentrations to maximize carboxylation rates. A critical feature of both native biophysical CCMs and one engineered into a C3 plant chloroplast is functional bicarbonate (HCO3−) transporters and vectorial CO2-to-HCO3− converters. Engineering strategies aim to locate these transporters and conversion systems to the C3 chloroplast, enabling elevation of HCO3− concentrations within the chloroplast stroma. Several CCM components have been identified in proteobacteria, cyanobacteria, and microalgae as likely candidates for this approach, yet their successful functional expression in C3 plant chloroplasts remains elusive. Here, we discuss the challenges in expressing and regulating functional HCO3− transporter, and CO2-to-HCO3− converter candidates in chloroplast membranes as an essential step in engineering a biophysical CCM within plant chloroplasts. We highlight the broad technical and physiological concerns which must be considered in proposed engineering strategies, and present our current status of both knowledge and knowledge-gaps which will affect successful engineering outcomes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.727118/fullCO2-concentrating mechanismbicarbonate transportchloroplast envelopeimproving photosynthesischloroplast engineering |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sarah Rottet Britta Förster Wei Yih Hee Loraine M. Rourke G. Dean Price G. Dean Price Benedict M. Long Benedict M. Long |
spellingShingle |
Sarah Rottet Britta Förster Wei Yih Hee Loraine M. Rourke G. Dean Price G. Dean Price Benedict M. Long Benedict M. Long Engineered Accumulation of Bicarbonate in Plant Chloroplasts: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns Frontiers in Plant Science CO2-concentrating mechanism bicarbonate transport chloroplast envelope improving photosynthesis chloroplast engineering |
author_facet |
Sarah Rottet Britta Förster Wei Yih Hee Loraine M. Rourke G. Dean Price G. Dean Price Benedict M. Long Benedict M. Long |
author_sort |
Sarah Rottet |
title |
Engineered Accumulation of Bicarbonate in Plant Chloroplasts: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns |
title_short |
Engineered Accumulation of Bicarbonate in Plant Chloroplasts: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns |
title_full |
Engineered Accumulation of Bicarbonate in Plant Chloroplasts: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns |
title_fullStr |
Engineered Accumulation of Bicarbonate in Plant Chloroplasts: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns |
title_full_unstemmed |
Engineered Accumulation of Bicarbonate in Plant Chloroplasts: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns |
title_sort |
engineered accumulation of bicarbonate in plant chloroplasts: known knowns and known unknowns |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Heterologous synthesis of a biophysical CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in plant chloroplasts offers significant potential to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C3 plants and could translate into substantial increases in crop yield. In organisms utilizing a biophysical CCM, this mechanism efficiently surrounds a high turnover rate Rubisco with elevated CO2 concentrations to maximize carboxylation rates. A critical feature of both native biophysical CCMs and one engineered into a C3 plant chloroplast is functional bicarbonate (HCO3−) transporters and vectorial CO2-to-HCO3− converters. Engineering strategies aim to locate these transporters and conversion systems to the C3 chloroplast, enabling elevation of HCO3− concentrations within the chloroplast stroma. Several CCM components have been identified in proteobacteria, cyanobacteria, and microalgae as likely candidates for this approach, yet their successful functional expression in C3 plant chloroplasts remains elusive. Here, we discuss the challenges in expressing and regulating functional HCO3− transporter, and CO2-to-HCO3− converter candidates in chloroplast membranes as an essential step in engineering a biophysical CCM within plant chloroplasts. We highlight the broad technical and physiological concerns which must be considered in proposed engineering strategies, and present our current status of both knowledge and knowledge-gaps which will affect successful engineering outcomes. |
topic |
CO2-concentrating mechanism bicarbonate transport chloroplast envelope improving photosynthesis chloroplast engineering |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.727118/full |
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