The Impact of Soil-Applied Biochars From Different Vegetal Feedstocks on Durum Wheat Plant Performance and Rhizospheric Bacterial Microbiota in Low Metal-Contaminated Soil
Biochar shapes the soil environment and plant growth. Nevertheless, the mechanisms associated with an improved plant biomass and soil microbiome in low metal-contaminated soils are still unclear. In this study, the influence of biochar on soil physico-chemical properties, plant performance, and rhiz...
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doaj-a45184ab70f2487db400cdf1bdfc5dcf2020-11-24T21:54:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-12-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.02694488591The Impact of Soil-Applied Biochars From Different Vegetal Feedstocks on Durum Wheat Plant Performance and Rhizospheric Bacterial Microbiota in Low Metal-Contaminated SoilArianna Latini0Giovanni Bacci1Manuel Teodoro2Daniele Mirabile Gattia3Annamaria Bevivino4Lukáš Trakal5Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA Casaccia Research Centr, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, CzechiaItalian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA Casaccia Research Centr, Rome, ItalyItalian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA Casaccia Research Centr, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, CzechiaBiochar shapes the soil environment and plant growth. Nevertheless, the mechanisms associated with an improved plant biomass and soil microbiome in low metal-contaminated soils are still unclear. In this study, the influence of biochar on soil physico-chemical properties, plant performance, and rhizosphere microbiota in durum wheat was investigated at the above- and belowground levels. Two kinds of biochar from different feedstocks (wood chips and wheat straw pellets) and two Italian durum wheat varieties, Duilio and Marco Aurelio, were analyzed in a greenhouse using a low-nutrient gleyic fluvisol containing a very small amount of Pb and Zn. Four different treatments were performed: soil-only control (C), soil amended with woody biochar equilibrated with nutrient solution (B1+) and non-activated (B1−), and soil amended with non-activated (B2−) wheat straw biochar. Seven weeks after seed germination, (1) the physico-chemical properties of soil, biochars, and mixtures were assessed; (2) the fresh and dry weight of aboveground plant tissues and roots and other morphometric traits were measured; and (3) metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene was performed on rhizosphere soil samples. The results showed that the biochar from wheat straw had stronger impact on both durum varieties, with higher electrical conductivity, higher levels of available K and Na, and a substantial increase of dissolved Na+, K+, and Cl− ions in pore water. Generally, biochar amendment decreased Zn availability for the plants. In addition, biochar improved plant growth in the early growth stage, and the more positive effect was achieved by combining wheat straw biochar with Marco Aurelio. Rhizosphere bacterial microbiota showed variation in alpha diversity only due to treatment; on the other hand, the differential analysis showed consistent variation among samples with significant effects on amplicon sequence variant (ASV) abundance due to the specific biochar treatment as well as the genotype. The pure B1−, due to its scarce nutrient content with respect to the richer types (B1+ and B2−), had a negative impact on microbiota richness. Our study highlights that an appropriate combination of biochar feedstock and crop species may lead to superior yield.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02694/fullbiochardurum wheatvegetal feedstockrhizosphere bacterial microbiomelow-metal contaminated soil |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Arianna Latini Giovanni Bacci Manuel Teodoro Daniele Mirabile Gattia Annamaria Bevivino Lukáš Trakal |
spellingShingle |
Arianna Latini Giovanni Bacci Manuel Teodoro Daniele Mirabile Gattia Annamaria Bevivino Lukáš Trakal The Impact of Soil-Applied Biochars From Different Vegetal Feedstocks on Durum Wheat Plant Performance and Rhizospheric Bacterial Microbiota in Low Metal-Contaminated Soil Frontiers in Microbiology biochar durum wheat vegetal feedstock rhizosphere bacterial microbiome low-metal contaminated soil |
author_facet |
Arianna Latini Giovanni Bacci Manuel Teodoro Daniele Mirabile Gattia Annamaria Bevivino Lukáš Trakal |
author_sort |
Arianna Latini |
title |
The Impact of Soil-Applied Biochars From Different Vegetal Feedstocks on Durum Wheat Plant Performance and Rhizospheric Bacterial Microbiota in Low Metal-Contaminated Soil |
title_short |
The Impact of Soil-Applied Biochars From Different Vegetal Feedstocks on Durum Wheat Plant Performance and Rhizospheric Bacterial Microbiota in Low Metal-Contaminated Soil |
title_full |
The Impact of Soil-Applied Biochars From Different Vegetal Feedstocks on Durum Wheat Plant Performance and Rhizospheric Bacterial Microbiota in Low Metal-Contaminated Soil |
title_fullStr |
The Impact of Soil-Applied Biochars From Different Vegetal Feedstocks on Durum Wheat Plant Performance and Rhizospheric Bacterial Microbiota in Low Metal-Contaminated Soil |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Impact of Soil-Applied Biochars From Different Vegetal Feedstocks on Durum Wheat Plant Performance and Rhizospheric Bacterial Microbiota in Low Metal-Contaminated Soil |
title_sort |
impact of soil-applied biochars from different vegetal feedstocks on durum wheat plant performance and rhizospheric bacterial microbiota in low metal-contaminated soil |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2019-12-01 |
description |
Biochar shapes the soil environment and plant growth. Nevertheless, the mechanisms associated with an improved plant biomass and soil microbiome in low metal-contaminated soils are still unclear. In this study, the influence of biochar on soil physico-chemical properties, plant performance, and rhizosphere microbiota in durum wheat was investigated at the above- and belowground levels. Two kinds of biochar from different feedstocks (wood chips and wheat straw pellets) and two Italian durum wheat varieties, Duilio and Marco Aurelio, were analyzed in a greenhouse using a low-nutrient gleyic fluvisol containing a very small amount of Pb and Zn. Four different treatments were performed: soil-only control (C), soil amended with woody biochar equilibrated with nutrient solution (B1+) and non-activated (B1−), and soil amended with non-activated (B2−) wheat straw biochar. Seven weeks after seed germination, (1) the physico-chemical properties of soil, biochars, and mixtures were assessed; (2) the fresh and dry weight of aboveground plant tissues and roots and other morphometric traits were measured; and (3) metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene was performed on rhizosphere soil samples. The results showed that the biochar from wheat straw had stronger impact on both durum varieties, with higher electrical conductivity, higher levels of available K and Na, and a substantial increase of dissolved Na+, K+, and Cl− ions in pore water. Generally, biochar amendment decreased Zn availability for the plants. In addition, biochar improved plant growth in the early growth stage, and the more positive effect was achieved by combining wheat straw biochar with Marco Aurelio. Rhizosphere bacterial microbiota showed variation in alpha diversity only due to treatment; on the other hand, the differential analysis showed consistent variation among samples with significant effects on amplicon sequence variant (ASV) abundance due to the specific biochar treatment as well as the genotype. The pure B1−, due to its scarce nutrient content with respect to the richer types (B1+ and B2−), had a negative impact on microbiota richness. Our study highlights that an appropriate combination of biochar feedstock and crop species may lead to superior yield. |
topic |
biochar durum wheat vegetal feedstock rhizosphere bacterial microbiome low-metal contaminated soil |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02694/full |
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