Environmental Enrichment Upregulates Striatal Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Proteins and Improves Motor Function
Environmental enrichment (EE) is a therapeutic paradigm that consists of complex combinations of physical, cognitive, and social stimuli. The mechanisms underlying EE-mediated synaptic plasticity have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of EE on synaptic vesicle-as...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-07-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.00465/full |
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doaj-a459bda08da242a4b99e24eabf5b97dd |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Suk-Young Song Suk-Young Song Minji Chae Minji Chae Ji Hea Yu Min Young Lee Soonil Pyo Soonil Pyo Yoon-Kyum Shin Yoon-Kyum Shin Ahreum Baek Ahreum Baek Jung-Won Park Eun Sook Park Ja Young Choi Ja Young Choi Sung-Rae Cho Sung-Rae Cho Sung-Rae Cho Sung-Rae Cho |
spellingShingle |
Suk-Young Song Suk-Young Song Minji Chae Minji Chae Ji Hea Yu Min Young Lee Soonil Pyo Soonil Pyo Yoon-Kyum Shin Yoon-Kyum Shin Ahreum Baek Ahreum Baek Jung-Won Park Eun Sook Park Ja Young Choi Ja Young Choi Sung-Rae Cho Sung-Rae Cho Sung-Rae Cho Sung-Rae Cho Environmental Enrichment Upregulates Striatal Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Proteins and Improves Motor Function Frontiers in Neurology enriched environment synaptic plasticity synaptic vesicle transport exocytosis |
author_facet |
Suk-Young Song Suk-Young Song Minji Chae Minji Chae Ji Hea Yu Min Young Lee Soonil Pyo Soonil Pyo Yoon-Kyum Shin Yoon-Kyum Shin Ahreum Baek Ahreum Baek Jung-Won Park Eun Sook Park Ja Young Choi Ja Young Choi Sung-Rae Cho Sung-Rae Cho Sung-Rae Cho Sung-Rae Cho |
author_sort |
Suk-Young Song |
title |
Environmental Enrichment Upregulates Striatal Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Proteins and Improves Motor Function |
title_short |
Environmental Enrichment Upregulates Striatal Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Proteins and Improves Motor Function |
title_full |
Environmental Enrichment Upregulates Striatal Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Proteins and Improves Motor Function |
title_fullStr |
Environmental Enrichment Upregulates Striatal Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Proteins and Improves Motor Function |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental Enrichment Upregulates Striatal Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Proteins and Improves Motor Function |
title_sort |
environmental enrichment upregulates striatal synaptic vesicle-associated proteins and improves motor function |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neurology |
issn |
1664-2295 |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
Environmental enrichment (EE) is a therapeutic paradigm that consists of complex combinations of physical, cognitive, and social stimuli. The mechanisms underlying EE-mediated synaptic plasticity have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of EE on synaptic vesicle-associated proteins and whether the expression of these proteins is related to behavioral outcomes. A total of 44 CD-1® (ICR) mice aged 6 weeks were randomly assigned to either standard cages or EE (N = 22 each). Rotarod and ladder walking tests were then performed to evaluate motor function. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of EE, we assessed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the striatum by proteomic analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry were conducted to validate the expressions of these proteins. In the behavioral assessment, EE significantly enhanced performance on the rotarod and ladder walking tests. A total of 116 DEPs (54 upregulated and 62 downregulated proteins) were identified in mice exposed to EE. Gene ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that the upregulated proteins in EE mice were primarily related to biological processes of synaptic vesicle transport and exocytosis. The GO terms for these biological processes commonly included Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (SV2B), Rabphilin-3A, and Piccolo. The qRT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed that EE increased the expression of SV2B, Rabphilin-3A and Piccolo in the striatum compared to the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the density of Piccolo in the vicinity of the subventricular zone was significantly increased in the EE mice compared with control mice. In conclusion, EE upregulates proteins associated with synaptic vesicle transport and exocytosis such as SV2B, Rabphilin-3A and Piccolo in the striatum. These upregulated proteins may be responsible for locomotor performance improvement, as shown in rotarod and ladder walking tests. Elucidation of these changes in synaptic protein expression provides new insights into the mechanism and potential role of EE. |
topic |
enriched environment synaptic plasticity synaptic vesicle transport exocytosis |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.00465/full |
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doaj-a459bda08da242a4b99e24eabf5b97dd2020-11-24T23:28:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952018-07-01910.3389/fneur.2018.00465329477Environmental Enrichment Upregulates Striatal Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Proteins and Improves Motor FunctionSuk-Young Song0Suk-Young Song1Minji Chae2Minji Chae3Ji Hea Yu4Min Young Lee5Soonil Pyo6Soonil Pyo7Yoon-Kyum Shin8Yoon-Kyum Shin9Ahreum Baek10Ahreum Baek11Jung-Won Park12Eun Sook Park13Ja Young Choi14Ja Young Choi15Sung-Rae Cho16Sung-Rae Cho17Sung-Rae Cho18Sung-Rae Cho19Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaGraduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaRehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaBrain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaBrain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South KoreaDepartment of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South KoreaDepartment and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaGraduate Program of NanoScience and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaRehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaBrain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaEnvironmental enrichment (EE) is a therapeutic paradigm that consists of complex combinations of physical, cognitive, and social stimuli. The mechanisms underlying EE-mediated synaptic plasticity have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of EE on synaptic vesicle-associated proteins and whether the expression of these proteins is related to behavioral outcomes. A total of 44 CD-1® (ICR) mice aged 6 weeks were randomly assigned to either standard cages or EE (N = 22 each). Rotarod and ladder walking tests were then performed to evaluate motor function. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of EE, we assessed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the striatum by proteomic analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry were conducted to validate the expressions of these proteins. In the behavioral assessment, EE significantly enhanced performance on the rotarod and ladder walking tests. A total of 116 DEPs (54 upregulated and 62 downregulated proteins) were identified in mice exposed to EE. Gene ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that the upregulated proteins in EE mice were primarily related to biological processes of synaptic vesicle transport and exocytosis. The GO terms for these biological processes commonly included Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (SV2B), Rabphilin-3A, and Piccolo. The qRT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed that EE increased the expression of SV2B, Rabphilin-3A and Piccolo in the striatum compared to the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the density of Piccolo in the vicinity of the subventricular zone was significantly increased in the EE mice compared with control mice. In conclusion, EE upregulates proteins associated with synaptic vesicle transport and exocytosis such as SV2B, Rabphilin-3A and Piccolo in the striatum. These upregulated proteins may be responsible for locomotor performance improvement, as shown in rotarod and ladder walking tests. Elucidation of these changes in synaptic protein expression provides new insights into the mechanism and potential role of EE.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2018.00465/fullenriched environmentsynaptic plasticitysynaptic vesicletransportexocytosis |