Close to threshold transcranial electrical stimulation preferentially activates inhibitory networks before switching to excitation with higher intensities
Background: Recently we have shown that transcranial random noise (tRNS) and 140 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulations (tACS), applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) and using 10 min stimulation duration and 1 mA intensity, significantly increases cortical excitability as measured by...
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doaj-a465d4fd322a4762bb77aacd0528295d2021-03-18T04:35:39ZengElsevierBrain Stimulation1935-861X2012-10-0154505511Close to threshold transcranial electrical stimulation preferentially activates inhibitory networks before switching to excitation with higher intensitiesVera Moliadze0Deniz Atalay1Andrea Antal2Walter Paulus3Corresponding author. Fax: +49 696301 5843.; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37075 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37075 Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37075 Göttingen, GermanyCorresponding author. Fax: +49 551 39 8126.; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str 40, 37075 Göttingen, GermanyBackground: Recently we have shown that transcranial random noise (tRNS) and 140 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulations (tACS), applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) and using 10 min stimulation duration and 1 mA intensity, significantly increases cortical excitability as measured by motor evoked potentials at rest before and after stimulation. Objective/hypothesis: Here, by decreasing the stimulation intensity in 0.2 mA steps from 1.0 mA, we investigate to what extent intensity depends on the induced after-effects. Methods: All twenty-five subjects participated in two different experimental sessions each. They received tACS using 140 Hz frequency and full spectrum tRNS at five different intensities on separate days. Sham stimulation was used as a control. Results: Instead of receiving a simple threshold, unexpectedly, in these two independent data sets at threshold intensities of 0.4 mA we found a switch of the already known excitation achieved with an intensity of 1 mA to inhibition. The intermediate intensity ranges of 0.6 and 0.8 mA had no effect at all. Interestingly, the inhibition produced by 140 Hz tACS was stronger than that induced by tRNS. Conclusions: In summary, we have shown here the possibility of selectively controlling the enhancement or reduction of M1 excitability by applying different intensities of high frequency transcranial electrical stimulation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X11001677Transcranial alternating current stimulationHigh frequency oscillationPlasticityTranscranial magnetic stimulationTranscranial random noise stimulation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Vera Moliadze Deniz Atalay Andrea Antal Walter Paulus |
spellingShingle |
Vera Moliadze Deniz Atalay Andrea Antal Walter Paulus Close to threshold transcranial electrical stimulation preferentially activates inhibitory networks before switching to excitation with higher intensities Brain Stimulation Transcranial alternating current stimulation High frequency oscillation Plasticity Transcranial magnetic stimulation Transcranial random noise stimulation |
author_facet |
Vera Moliadze Deniz Atalay Andrea Antal Walter Paulus |
author_sort |
Vera Moliadze |
title |
Close to threshold transcranial electrical stimulation preferentially activates inhibitory networks before switching to excitation with higher intensities |
title_short |
Close to threshold transcranial electrical stimulation preferentially activates inhibitory networks before switching to excitation with higher intensities |
title_full |
Close to threshold transcranial electrical stimulation preferentially activates inhibitory networks before switching to excitation with higher intensities |
title_fullStr |
Close to threshold transcranial electrical stimulation preferentially activates inhibitory networks before switching to excitation with higher intensities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Close to threshold transcranial electrical stimulation preferentially activates inhibitory networks before switching to excitation with higher intensities |
title_sort |
close to threshold transcranial electrical stimulation preferentially activates inhibitory networks before switching to excitation with higher intensities |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Brain Stimulation |
issn |
1935-861X |
publishDate |
2012-10-01 |
description |
Background: Recently we have shown that transcranial random noise (tRNS) and 140 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulations (tACS), applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) and using 10 min stimulation duration and 1 mA intensity, significantly increases cortical excitability as measured by motor evoked potentials at rest before and after stimulation. Objective/hypothesis: Here, by decreasing the stimulation intensity in 0.2 mA steps from 1.0 mA, we investigate to what extent intensity depends on the induced after-effects. Methods: All twenty-five subjects participated in two different experimental sessions each. They received tACS using 140 Hz frequency and full spectrum tRNS at five different intensities on separate days. Sham stimulation was used as a control. Results: Instead of receiving a simple threshold, unexpectedly, in these two independent data sets at threshold intensities of 0.4 mA we found a switch of the already known excitation achieved with an intensity of 1 mA to inhibition. The intermediate intensity ranges of 0.6 and 0.8 mA had no effect at all. Interestingly, the inhibition produced by 140 Hz tACS was stronger than that induced by tRNS. Conclusions: In summary, we have shown here the possibility of selectively controlling the enhancement or reduction of M1 excitability by applying different intensities of high frequency transcranial electrical stimulation. |
topic |
Transcranial alternating current stimulation High frequency oscillation Plasticity Transcranial magnetic stimulation Transcranial random noise stimulation |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X11001677 |
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