Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings
The performance of waterborne (meth)acrylic coatings is critically affected by the film formation process, in which the individual polymer particles must join to form a continuous film. Consequently, the waterborne polymers present lower performance than their solvent-borne counter-polymers. To decr...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-09-01
|
Series: | Polymers |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/18/3098 |
id |
doaj-a49ee3a42f664986960905fe20dde4dd |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-a49ee3a42f664986960905fe20dde4dd2021-09-26T01:01:30ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-09-01133098309810.3390/polym13183098Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne CoatingsMaialen Argaiz0Fernando Ruipérez1Miren Aguirre2Radmila Tomovska3POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea, 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainPOLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea, 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea, 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainThe performance of waterborne (meth)acrylic coatings is critically affected by the film formation process, in which the individual polymer particles must join to form a continuous film. Consequently, the waterborne polymers present lower performance than their solvent-borne counter-polymers. To decrease this effect, in this work, ionic complexation between oppositely charged polymer particles was introduced and its effect on the performance of waterborne polymer films was studied. The (meth)acrylic particles were charged by the addition of a small amount of ionic monomers, such as sodium styrene sulfonate and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. Density functional theory calculations showed that the interaction between the selected main charges of the respective functional monomers (sulfonate–amine) is favored against the interactions with their counter ions (sulfonate–Na and amine–H). To induce ionic complexation, the oppositely charged latexes were blended, either based on the same number of charges or the same number of particles. The performance of the ionic complexed coatings was determined by means of tensile tests and water uptake measurements. The ionic complexed films were compared with reference films obtained at pH at which the cationic charges were in neutral form. The mechanical resistance was raised slightly by ionic bonding between particles, producing much more flexible films, whereas the water penetration within the polymeric films was considerably hindered. By exploring the process of polymer chains interdiffusion using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analysis, it was found that the ionic complexation was established between the particles, which reduced significantly the interdiffusion process of polymer chains. The presented ionic complexes of sulfonate–amine functionalized particles open a promising approach for reinforcing waterborne coatings.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/18/3098waterborne coatingemulsion polymerizationmeth(acrylic) latexionic complexationinter-particle complexationsodium styrene sulfonate |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Maialen Argaiz Fernando Ruipérez Miren Aguirre Radmila Tomovska |
spellingShingle |
Maialen Argaiz Fernando Ruipérez Miren Aguirre Radmila Tomovska Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings Polymers waterborne coating emulsion polymerization meth(acrylic) latex ionic complexation inter-particle complexation sodium styrene sulfonate |
author_facet |
Maialen Argaiz Fernando Ruipérez Miren Aguirre Radmila Tomovska |
author_sort |
Maialen Argaiz |
title |
Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings |
title_short |
Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings |
title_full |
Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings |
title_fullStr |
Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings |
title_sort |
ionic inter-particle complexation effect on the performance of waterborne coatings |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
The performance of waterborne (meth)acrylic coatings is critically affected by the film formation process, in which the individual polymer particles must join to form a continuous film. Consequently, the waterborne polymers present lower performance than their solvent-borne counter-polymers. To decrease this effect, in this work, ionic complexation between oppositely charged polymer particles was introduced and its effect on the performance of waterborne polymer films was studied. The (meth)acrylic particles were charged by the addition of a small amount of ionic monomers, such as sodium styrene sulfonate and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. Density functional theory calculations showed that the interaction between the selected main charges of the respective functional monomers (sulfonate–amine) is favored against the interactions with their counter ions (sulfonate–Na and amine–H). To induce ionic complexation, the oppositely charged latexes were blended, either based on the same number of charges or the same number of particles. The performance of the ionic complexed coatings was determined by means of tensile tests and water uptake measurements. The ionic complexed films were compared with reference films obtained at pH at which the cationic charges were in neutral form. The mechanical resistance was raised slightly by ionic bonding between particles, producing much more flexible films, whereas the water penetration within the polymeric films was considerably hindered. By exploring the process of polymer chains interdiffusion using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analysis, it was found that the ionic complexation was established between the particles, which reduced significantly the interdiffusion process of polymer chains. The presented ionic complexes of sulfonate–amine functionalized particles open a promising approach for reinforcing waterborne coatings. |
topic |
waterborne coating emulsion polymerization meth(acrylic) latex ionic complexation inter-particle complexation sodium styrene sulfonate |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/18/3098 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT maialenargaiz ionicinterparticlecomplexationeffectontheperformanceofwaterbornecoatings AT fernandoruiperez ionicinterparticlecomplexationeffectontheperformanceofwaterbornecoatings AT mirenaguirre ionicinterparticlecomplexationeffectontheperformanceofwaterbornecoatings AT radmilatomovska ionicinterparticlecomplexationeffectontheperformanceofwaterbornecoatings |
_version_ |
1716869339805646848 |