Prospects for Electrical Performance Tuning in Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Materials by Metallic Fe and Ni Particles Additions
This work further explores the possibilities for designing the high-temperature electrical performance of the thermoelectric Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> phase, by a composite approach involving separate metallic iron and nickel particles additions, a...
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doaj-a51676cc6aa24588988627f9761a6a772021-02-20T00:02:36ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-02-011498098010.3390/ma14040980Prospects for Electrical Performance Tuning in Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Materials by Metallic Fe and Ni Particles AdditionsGabriel Constantinescu0Sergey M. Mikhalev1Aleksey D. Lisenkov2Daniela V. Lopes3Artur R. Sarabando4Marta C. Ferro5Tiago F. da Silva6Sergii A. Sergiienko7Andrei V. Kovalevsky8Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalTEMA-NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology (AIN), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalThis work further explores the possibilities for designing the high-temperature electrical performance of the thermoelectric Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> phase, by a composite approach involving separate metallic iron and nickel particles additions, and by employing two different sintering schemes, capable to promote the controlled interactions between the components, encouraged by our recent promising results obtained for similar cobalt additions. Iron and nickel were chosen because of their similarities with cobalt. The maximum power factor value of around 200 μWm<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−2</sup> at 925 K was achieved for the composite with the nominal nickel content of 3% vol., processed via the two-step sintering cycle, which provides the highest densification from this work. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was shown to be strongly dependent on the processing conditions and added amounts of metallic particles. Although the conventional one-step approach results in Fe- and Ni-containing composites with the major content of the thermoelectric Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> phase, their electrical performance was found to be significantly lower than for the Co-containing analogue, due to the presence of less-conducting phases and excessive porosity. In contrast, the relatively high performance of the composite with a nominal nickel content of 3% vol. processed via a two-step approach is related to the specific microstructural features from this sample, including minimal porosity and the presence of the Ca<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> phase, which partially compensate the complete decomposition of the Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> matrix. The obtained results demonstrate different pathways to tailor the phase composition of Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub>-based materials, with a corresponding impact on the thermoelectric performance, and highlight the necessity of more controllable approaches for the phase composition tuning, including lower amounts and different morphologies of the dispersed metallic phases.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/980thermoelectric cobaltiteselectrical performancecomposite approachtransition metals additionscontrolled interactions |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gabriel Constantinescu Sergey M. Mikhalev Aleksey D. Lisenkov Daniela V. Lopes Artur R. Sarabando Marta C. Ferro Tiago F. da Silva Sergii A. Sergiienko Andrei V. Kovalevsky |
spellingShingle |
Gabriel Constantinescu Sergey M. Mikhalev Aleksey D. Lisenkov Daniela V. Lopes Artur R. Sarabando Marta C. Ferro Tiago F. da Silva Sergii A. Sergiienko Andrei V. Kovalevsky Prospects for Electrical Performance Tuning in Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Materials by Metallic Fe and Ni Particles Additions Materials thermoelectric cobaltites electrical performance composite approach transition metals additions controlled interactions |
author_facet |
Gabriel Constantinescu Sergey M. Mikhalev Aleksey D. Lisenkov Daniela V. Lopes Artur R. Sarabando Marta C. Ferro Tiago F. da Silva Sergii A. Sergiienko Andrei V. Kovalevsky |
author_sort |
Gabriel Constantinescu |
title |
Prospects for Electrical Performance Tuning in Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Materials by Metallic Fe and Ni Particles Additions |
title_short |
Prospects for Electrical Performance Tuning in Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Materials by Metallic Fe and Ni Particles Additions |
title_full |
Prospects for Electrical Performance Tuning in Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Materials by Metallic Fe and Ni Particles Additions |
title_fullStr |
Prospects for Electrical Performance Tuning in Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Materials by Metallic Fe and Ni Particles Additions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prospects for Electrical Performance Tuning in Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Materials by Metallic Fe and Ni Particles Additions |
title_sort |
prospects for electrical performance tuning in ca<sub>3</sub>co<sub>4</sub>o<sub>9</sub> materials by metallic fe and ni particles additions |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
This work further explores the possibilities for designing the high-temperature electrical performance of the thermoelectric Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> phase, by a composite approach involving separate metallic iron and nickel particles additions, and by employing two different sintering schemes, capable to promote the controlled interactions between the components, encouraged by our recent promising results obtained for similar cobalt additions. Iron and nickel were chosen because of their similarities with cobalt. The maximum power factor value of around 200 μWm<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−2</sup> at 925 K was achieved for the composite with the nominal nickel content of 3% vol., processed via the two-step sintering cycle, which provides the highest densification from this work. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was shown to be strongly dependent on the processing conditions and added amounts of metallic particles. Although the conventional one-step approach results in Fe- and Ni-containing composites with the major content of the thermoelectric Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> phase, their electrical performance was found to be significantly lower than for the Co-containing analogue, due to the presence of less-conducting phases and excessive porosity. In contrast, the relatively high performance of the composite with a nominal nickel content of 3% vol. processed via a two-step approach is related to the specific microstructural features from this sample, including minimal porosity and the presence of the Ca<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> phase, which partially compensate the complete decomposition of the Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> matrix. The obtained results demonstrate different pathways to tailor the phase composition of Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub>-based materials, with a corresponding impact on the thermoelectric performance, and highlight the necessity of more controllable approaches for the phase composition tuning, including lower amounts and different morphologies of the dispersed metallic phases. |
topic |
thermoelectric cobaltites electrical performance composite approach transition metals additions controlled interactions |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/4/980 |
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