Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Different Stages of Cananga odorata Flower Development
Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the different flower development stages of Cananga odorata for the evaluation of floral volatile polymorphism as a basis to determine the best time...
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doaj-a593a6ffb0ad4c06ad1eb9df41a212a42020-11-24T21:17:48ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492014-06-011978965898010.3390/molecules19078965molecules19078965Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Different Stages of Cananga odorata Flower DevelopmentXiao-Wei Qin0Chao-Yun Hao1Shu-Zhen He2Gang Wu3Le-He Tan4Fei Xu5Rong-Suo Hu6Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, ChinaSpice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, ChinaSpice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, ChinaSpice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, ChinaSpice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, ChinaSpice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, ChinaSpice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science (CATAS), Wanning, Hainan 571533, ChinaHeadspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the different flower development stages of Cananga odorata for the evaluation of floral volatile polymorphism as a basis to determine the best time of harvest. Electronic nose results, coupled with discriminant factor analysis, suggested that emitted odors varied in different C. odorata flower development stages, including the bud, display-petal, initial-flowering, full-flowering, end-flowering, wilted-flower, and dried flower stages. The first two discriminant factors explained 97.52% of total system variance. Ninety-two compounds were detected over the flower life, and the mean Bray–Curtis similarity value was 52.45% among different flower development stages. A high level of volatile polymorphism was observed during flower development. The VOCs were largely grouped as hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, acids, ketones, and ethers, and the main compound was β-caryophyllene (15.05%–33.30%). Other identified compounds were β-cubebene, D-germacrene, benzyl benzoate, and α-cubebene. Moreover, large numbers of VOCs were detected at intermediate times of flower development, and more hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols were identified in the full-flowering stage. The full-flowering stage may be the most suitable period for C. odorata flower harvest.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/7/8965Cananga odoratavolatile organic compoundflower developmentHS-SPME-GC-MS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xiao-Wei Qin Chao-Yun Hao Shu-Zhen He Gang Wu Le-He Tan Fei Xu Rong-Suo Hu |
spellingShingle |
Xiao-Wei Qin Chao-Yun Hao Shu-Zhen He Gang Wu Le-He Tan Fei Xu Rong-Suo Hu Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Different Stages of Cananga odorata Flower Development Molecules Cananga odorata volatile organic compound flower development HS-SPME-GC-MS |
author_facet |
Xiao-Wei Qin Chao-Yun Hao Shu-Zhen He Gang Wu Le-He Tan Fei Xu Rong-Suo Hu |
author_sort |
Xiao-Wei Qin |
title |
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Different Stages of Cananga odorata Flower Development |
title_short |
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Different Stages of Cananga odorata Flower Development |
title_full |
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Different Stages of Cananga odorata Flower Development |
title_fullStr |
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Different Stages of Cananga odorata Flower Development |
title_full_unstemmed |
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Different Stages of Cananga odorata Flower Development |
title_sort |
volatile organic compound emissions from different stages of cananga odorata flower development |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2014-06-01 |
description |
Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the different flower development stages of Cananga odorata for the evaluation of floral volatile polymorphism as a basis to determine the best time of harvest. Electronic nose results, coupled with discriminant factor analysis, suggested that emitted odors varied in different C. odorata flower development stages, including the bud, display-petal, initial-flowering, full-flowering, end-flowering, wilted-flower, and dried flower stages. The first two discriminant factors explained 97.52% of total system variance. Ninety-two compounds were detected over the flower life, and the mean Bray–Curtis similarity value was 52.45% among different flower development stages. A high level of volatile polymorphism was observed during flower development. The VOCs were largely grouped as hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, acids, ketones, and ethers, and the main compound was β-caryophyllene (15.05%–33.30%). Other identified compounds were β-cubebene, D-germacrene, benzyl benzoate, and α-cubebene. Moreover, large numbers of VOCs were detected at intermediate times of flower development, and more hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols were identified in the full-flowering stage. The full-flowering stage may be the most suitable period for C. odorata flower harvest. |
topic |
Cananga odorata volatile organic compound flower development HS-SPME-GC-MS |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/7/8965 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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