New Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Treatment System Intended for Irrigation
Water quality may be affected by aspects such as pollution from industries, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, and waste produced by humans. This contamination can affect the produce of the fields irrigated by untreated water. Therefore, it is necessary to add a treatment process in irrigation...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
Series: | Applied Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/8/3648 |
id |
doaj-a5c21963851249ec8fa223c52a860641 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-a5c21963851249ec8fa223c52a8606412021-04-18T23:02:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-04-01113648364810.3390/app11083648New Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Treatment System Intended for IrrigationJose M. Jimenez0Lorena Parra1Laura García2Jaime Lloret3Pedro V. Mauri4Pascal Lorenz5Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46730 Grau de Gandia, Valencia, SpainInstituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46730 Grau de Gandia, Valencia, SpainInstituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46730 Grau de Gandia, Valencia, SpainInstituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46730 Grau de Gandia, Valencia, SpainInstituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca “El Encin”, A-2, Km 38, 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, SpainNetwork and Telecommunication Research Group, University of Haute Alsace, 34 Rue du Grillenbreit, 68008 Colmar, FranceWater quality may be affected by aspects such as pollution from industries, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, and waste produced by humans. This contamination can affect the produce of the fields irrigated by untreated water. Therefore, it is necessary to add a treatment process in irrigation systems. In this paper, an architecture, communication protocol, and a data analysis algorithm for a wastewater treatment system intended for irrigation are presented. Our system includes a smart group-based wireless sensor network that is able to detect high salinity levels and pollution stains, such as oil spills. When contamination is detected, the water is led into auxiliary canals that perform the biosorption process to treat the water and dump it back into the main canal. Simulations were performed to assess the amount of data stored on the secure digital (SD) card, the consumed bandwidth, and the energy consumption of our proposal. The results show the system has a low bandwidth consumption with a maximum of 2.58 kbps for the setting of two daily data transmissions of the node in the last auxiliary canal. Furthermore, it can sustain the energy consumption in adverse conditions, where the node with the highest energy consumption reaches the lowest energy value of 12,320 mW/h.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/8/3648sensor networkLoRawater qualitycontaminationprecision agriculture |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jose M. Jimenez Lorena Parra Laura García Jaime Lloret Pedro V. Mauri Pascal Lorenz |
spellingShingle |
Jose M. Jimenez Lorena Parra Laura García Jaime Lloret Pedro V. Mauri Pascal Lorenz New Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Treatment System Intended for Irrigation Applied Sciences sensor network LoRa water quality contamination precision agriculture |
author_facet |
Jose M. Jimenez Lorena Parra Laura García Jaime Lloret Pedro V. Mauri Pascal Lorenz |
author_sort |
Jose M. Jimenez |
title |
New Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Treatment System Intended for Irrigation |
title_short |
New Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Treatment System Intended for Irrigation |
title_full |
New Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Treatment System Intended for Irrigation |
title_fullStr |
New Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Treatment System Intended for Irrigation |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Protocol and Architecture for a Wastewater Treatment System Intended for Irrigation |
title_sort |
new protocol and architecture for a wastewater treatment system intended for irrigation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Applied Sciences |
issn |
2076-3417 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Water quality may be affected by aspects such as pollution from industries, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, and waste produced by humans. This contamination can affect the produce of the fields irrigated by untreated water. Therefore, it is necessary to add a treatment process in irrigation systems. In this paper, an architecture, communication protocol, and a data analysis algorithm for a wastewater treatment system intended for irrigation are presented. Our system includes a smart group-based wireless sensor network that is able to detect high salinity levels and pollution stains, such as oil spills. When contamination is detected, the water is led into auxiliary canals that perform the biosorption process to treat the water and dump it back into the main canal. Simulations were performed to assess the amount of data stored on the secure digital (SD) card, the consumed bandwidth, and the energy consumption of our proposal. The results show the system has a low bandwidth consumption with a maximum of 2.58 kbps for the setting of two daily data transmissions of the node in the last auxiliary canal. Furthermore, it can sustain the energy consumption in adverse conditions, where the node with the highest energy consumption reaches the lowest energy value of 12,320 mW/h. |
topic |
sensor network LoRa water quality contamination precision agriculture |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/8/3648 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT josemjimenez newprotocolandarchitectureforawastewatertreatmentsystemintendedforirrigation AT lorenaparra newprotocolandarchitectureforawastewatertreatmentsystemintendedforirrigation AT lauragarcia newprotocolandarchitectureforawastewatertreatmentsystemintendedforirrigation AT jaimelloret newprotocolandarchitectureforawastewatertreatmentsystemintendedforirrigation AT pedrovmauri newprotocolandarchitectureforawastewatertreatmentsystemintendedforirrigation AT pascallorenz newprotocolandarchitectureforawastewatertreatmentsystemintendedforirrigation |
_version_ |
1721521727876366336 |