Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure
Transmission of respiratory viruses is a complex process involving emission, deposition in the airways, and infection. Inhalation is often the most relevant transmission mode in indoor environments. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the risk of inhalation transmission...
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doaj-a5c298bf141542dabbca67d1583965252021-03-13T00:07:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-03-01182927292710.3390/ijerph18062927Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and ExposureTareq Hussein0Jakob Löndahl1Sara Thuresson2Malin Alsved3Afnan Al-Hunaiti4Kalle Saksela5Hazem Aqel6Heikki Junninen7Alexander Mahura8Markku Kulmala9Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Design Sciences, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Design Sciences, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Design Sciences, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 51005 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandTransmission of respiratory viruses is a complex process involving emission, deposition in the airways, and infection. Inhalation is often the most relevant transmission mode in indoor environments. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the risk of inhalation transmission is not yet fully understood. Here, we used an indoor aerosol model combined with a regional inhaled deposited dose model to examine the indoor transport of aerosols from an infected person with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to a susceptible person and assess the potential inhaled dose rate of particles. Two scenarios with different ventilation rates were compared, as well as adult female versus male recipients. Assuming a source strength of 10 viruses/s, in a tightly closed room with poor ventilation (0.5 h<sup>−1</sup>), the respiratory tract deposited dose rate was 140–350 and 100–260 inhaled viruses/hour for males and females; respectively. With ventilation at 3 h<sup>−1</sup> the dose rate was only 30–90 viruses/hour. Correcting for the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 in air, these numbers are reduced by a factor of 1.2–2.2 for poorly ventilated rooms and 1.1–1.4 for well-ventilated rooms. Combined with future determinations of virus emission rates, the size distribution of aerosols containing the virus, and the infectious dose, these results could play an important role in understanding the full picture of potential inhalation transmission in indoor environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/6/2927SARS-CoV-2expiratory dropletinhaled doseindoor aerosol modeling |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tareq Hussein Jakob Löndahl Sara Thuresson Malin Alsved Afnan Al-Hunaiti Kalle Saksela Hazem Aqel Heikki Junninen Alexander Mahura Markku Kulmala |
spellingShingle |
Tareq Hussein Jakob Löndahl Sara Thuresson Malin Alsved Afnan Al-Hunaiti Kalle Saksela Hazem Aqel Heikki Junninen Alexander Mahura Markku Kulmala Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health SARS-CoV-2 expiratory droplet inhaled dose indoor aerosol modeling |
author_facet |
Tareq Hussein Jakob Löndahl Sara Thuresson Malin Alsved Afnan Al-Hunaiti Kalle Saksela Hazem Aqel Heikki Junninen Alexander Mahura Markku Kulmala |
author_sort |
Tareq Hussein |
title |
Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_short |
Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_full |
Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_fullStr |
Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_full_unstemmed |
Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_sort |
indoor model simulation for covid-19 transport and exposure |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Transmission of respiratory viruses is a complex process involving emission, deposition in the airways, and infection. Inhalation is often the most relevant transmission mode in indoor environments. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the risk of inhalation transmission is not yet fully understood. Here, we used an indoor aerosol model combined with a regional inhaled deposited dose model to examine the indoor transport of aerosols from an infected person with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to a susceptible person and assess the potential inhaled dose rate of particles. Two scenarios with different ventilation rates were compared, as well as adult female versus male recipients. Assuming a source strength of 10 viruses/s, in a tightly closed room with poor ventilation (0.5 h<sup>−1</sup>), the respiratory tract deposited dose rate was 140–350 and 100–260 inhaled viruses/hour for males and females; respectively. With ventilation at 3 h<sup>−1</sup> the dose rate was only 30–90 viruses/hour. Correcting for the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 in air, these numbers are reduced by a factor of 1.2–2.2 for poorly ventilated rooms and 1.1–1.4 for well-ventilated rooms. Combined with future determinations of virus emission rates, the size distribution of aerosols containing the virus, and the infectious dose, these results could play an important role in understanding the full picture of potential inhalation transmission in indoor environments. |
topic |
SARS-CoV-2 expiratory droplet inhaled dose indoor aerosol modeling |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/6/2927 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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