Wildlife-pet markets in a one-health context
Background and Aim: Wildlife markets are centers of trade involving live animals and their derivatives from wild-caught and captive-bred non-domesticated animals, including for the culinary, fashion, traditional medicine, curio, and pet sectors. These markets occur in Southeast Asia, India, North Am...
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Veterinary World
2021-03-01
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doaj-a6874e4480a349319db2832a41f31da12021-03-06T12:20:48ZengVeterinary WorldInternational Journal of One Health2455-56732455-89312021-03-0171426410.14202/IJOH.2021.42-64Wildlife-pet markets in a one-health contextClifford Warwick0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-6096Catrina Steedman1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2809-1445Emergent Disease Foundation, Kent, UK.Emergent Disease Foundation, Kent, UK.Background and Aim: Wildlife markets are centers of trade involving live animals and their derivatives from wild-caught and captive-bred non-domesticated animals, including for the culinary, fashion, traditional medicine, curio, and pet sectors. These markets occur in Southeast Asia, India, North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa, and elsewhere. This study aims to address a diversity of related issues that have a one-health bearing while focusing on wildlife markets in relation to the pet trade. Across relevant regions and countries, all major animal classes are traded at wildlife-pet markets. Wildlife markets, in general, are considered distinct from so-called "wet markets" at which domesticated animals, fish, and other "seafood" are offered only for consumption. Several aspects of wildlife markets have attracted scientific and popular scrutiny, including animal welfare concerns, species conservation threats, legality, ecological alteration, introduction of invasive alien species, presence of undescribed species, and public and agricultural animal health issues. Materials and Methods: Onsite inspections were conducted for markets in the United States, Spain, Germany, The Netherlands, and the UK, as well as observational research of visual imagery of market conditions, and we compared these conditions with evidence-based standards for animal welfare and public health management. Results: Wildlife markets globally shared common similar structures and practices including the presence of sick, injured, or stressed animals; mixing of animals of uncertain origin and health state; and no specific or any hygiene protocols, with issues of animal welfare, public health and safety, agricultural animal health, and other one-health concerns being inherently involved. Conclusion: We conclude that wildlife markets are incompatible with responsible standards and practices, and we recommend that such events are banned globally to ameliorate inherent major problems.https://www.onehealthjournal.org/Vol.7/No.1/7.pdfanimal welfarediseaseexotic petone-healthpathogenpublic healthwildlife marketzoonoses |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Clifford Warwick Catrina Steedman |
spellingShingle |
Clifford Warwick Catrina Steedman Wildlife-pet markets in a one-health context International Journal of One Health animal welfare disease exotic pet one-health pathogen public health wildlife market zoonoses |
author_facet |
Clifford Warwick Catrina Steedman |
author_sort |
Clifford Warwick |
title |
Wildlife-pet markets in a one-health context |
title_short |
Wildlife-pet markets in a one-health context |
title_full |
Wildlife-pet markets in a one-health context |
title_fullStr |
Wildlife-pet markets in a one-health context |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wildlife-pet markets in a one-health context |
title_sort |
wildlife-pet markets in a one-health context |
publisher |
Veterinary World |
series |
International Journal of One Health |
issn |
2455-5673 2455-8931 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Background and Aim: Wildlife markets are centers of trade involving live animals and their derivatives from wild-caught and captive-bred non-domesticated animals, including for the culinary, fashion, traditional medicine, curio, and pet sectors. These markets occur in Southeast Asia, India, North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa, and elsewhere. This study aims to address a diversity of related issues that have a one-health bearing while focusing on wildlife markets in relation to the pet trade. Across relevant regions and countries, all major animal classes are traded at wildlife-pet markets. Wildlife markets, in general, are considered distinct from so-called "wet markets" at which domesticated animals, fish, and other "seafood" are offered only for consumption. Several aspects of wildlife markets have attracted scientific and popular scrutiny, including animal welfare concerns, species conservation threats, legality, ecological alteration, introduction of invasive alien species, presence of undescribed species, and public and agricultural animal health issues.
Materials and Methods: Onsite inspections were conducted for markets in the United States, Spain, Germany, The Netherlands, and the UK, as well as observational research of visual imagery of market conditions, and we compared these conditions with evidence-based standards for animal welfare and public health management.
Results: Wildlife markets globally shared common similar structures and practices including the presence of sick, injured, or stressed animals; mixing of animals of uncertain origin and health state; and no specific or any hygiene protocols, with issues of animal welfare, public health and safety, agricultural animal health, and other one-health concerns being inherently involved.
Conclusion: We conclude that wildlife markets are incompatible with responsible standards and practices, and we recommend that such events are banned globally to ameliorate inherent major problems. |
topic |
animal welfare disease exotic pet one-health pathogen public health wildlife market zoonoses |
url |
https://www.onehealthjournal.org/Vol.7/No.1/7.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT cliffordwarwick wildlifepetmarketsinaonehealthcontext AT catrinasteedman wildlifepetmarketsinaonehealthcontext |
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