MAIT Cell Activation and Functions
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are striking in their abundance and their strict conservation across 150 million years of mammalian evolution, implying they must fulfill critical immunological function(s). MAIT cells are defined by their expression of a semi-invariant αβ TCR which recogn...
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doaj-a68f701aec024f52b37cd682ccd191f22020-11-25T02:21:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-05-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.01014534723MAIT Cell Activation and FunctionsTimothy S. C. Hinks0Xia-Wei Zhang1Xia-Wei Zhang2Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nuffield Department of Medicine Experimental Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United KingdomRespiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nuffield Department of Medicine Experimental Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United KingdomDivision of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaMucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are striking in their abundance and their strict conservation across 150 million years of mammalian evolution, implying they must fulfill critical immunological function(s). MAIT cells are defined by their expression of a semi-invariant αβ TCR which recognizes biosynthetic derivatives of riboflavin synthesis presented on MR1. Initial studies focused on their role in detecting predominantly intracellular bacterial and mycobacterial infections. However, it is now recognized that there are several modes of MAIT cell activation and these are related to activation of distinct transcriptional programmes, each associated with distinct functional roles. In this minireview, we summarize current knowledge from human and animal studies of MAIT cell activation induced (1) in an MR1-TCR dependent manner in the context of inflammatory danger signals and associated with antibacterial host defense; (2) in an MR1-TCR independent manner by the cytokines interleukin(IL)-12/-15/-18 and type I interferon, which is associated with antiviral responses; and (3) a recently-described TCR-dependent “tissue repair” programme which is associated with accelerated wound healing in the context of commensal microbiota. Because of this capability for diverse functional responses in diverse immunological contexts, these intriguing cells now appear to be multifunctional effectors central to the interface of innate and adaptive immunity.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01014/fullmucosal-associated invariant T cellactivationinnateT cellshumanmouse |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Timothy S. C. Hinks Xia-Wei Zhang Xia-Wei Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Timothy S. C. Hinks Xia-Wei Zhang Xia-Wei Zhang MAIT Cell Activation and Functions Frontiers in Immunology mucosal-associated invariant T cell activation innate T cells human mouse |
author_facet |
Timothy S. C. Hinks Xia-Wei Zhang Xia-Wei Zhang |
author_sort |
Timothy S. C. Hinks |
title |
MAIT Cell Activation and Functions |
title_short |
MAIT Cell Activation and Functions |
title_full |
MAIT Cell Activation and Functions |
title_fullStr |
MAIT Cell Activation and Functions |
title_full_unstemmed |
MAIT Cell Activation and Functions |
title_sort |
mait cell activation and functions |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are striking in their abundance and their strict conservation across 150 million years of mammalian evolution, implying they must fulfill critical immunological function(s). MAIT cells are defined by their expression of a semi-invariant αβ TCR which recognizes biosynthetic derivatives of riboflavin synthesis presented on MR1. Initial studies focused on their role in detecting predominantly intracellular bacterial and mycobacterial infections. However, it is now recognized that there are several modes of MAIT cell activation and these are related to activation of distinct transcriptional programmes, each associated with distinct functional roles. In this minireview, we summarize current knowledge from human and animal studies of MAIT cell activation induced (1) in an MR1-TCR dependent manner in the context of inflammatory danger signals and associated with antibacterial host defense; (2) in an MR1-TCR independent manner by the cytokines interleukin(IL)-12/-15/-18 and type I interferon, which is associated with antiviral responses; and (3) a recently-described TCR-dependent “tissue repair” programme which is associated with accelerated wound healing in the context of commensal microbiota. Because of this capability for diverse functional responses in diverse immunological contexts, these intriguing cells now appear to be multifunctional effectors central to the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. |
topic |
mucosal-associated invariant T cell activation innate T cells human mouse |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01014/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT timothyschinks maitcellactivationandfunctions AT xiaweizhang maitcellactivationandfunctions AT xiaweizhang maitcellactivationandfunctions |
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