| Summary: | We investigated kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) polymorphisms and protein levels in relation to susceptibility to and severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). 641 RA patients and 340 controls (HC) were examined for the rs1870377 KDR variant by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method and for rs2305948 and rs2071559 KDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. KDR serum levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rs1870377 KDR variant has shown association with RA under the codominant (<i>p</i> = 0.02, OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.09−2.85) and recessive models (<i>p</i> = 0.019, OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.07−2.20). KDR rs2305948 was associated with RA under the dominant model (<i>p</i> = 0.005, OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10−1.73). Under the codominant model, the frequency of the rs2071559 TC and GG genotypes were lower in RA patients than in controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.37−0.69, and <i>p</i> = 0.002, OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39−0.81). KDR rs2071559 T and rs2305948 A alleles were associated with RA (<i>p</i> = 0.001, OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45−0.81 and <i>p</i> = 0.008, OR = 1.71, CI = 1.15−2.54). KDR rs2305948SNP was associated with Disease Activity Score (DAS)-28 score (<i>p</i> < 0.001), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score (<i>p</i> < 0.001), number of swollen joints (<i>p</i> < 0.001), mean value of CRP (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A higher KDR serum level was found in RA patients than in HC (8018 pg/mL versus 7381 pg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Present results shed light on the role of KDR genetic variants in the severity of RA.
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