Analysis of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Unfed and Partially Fed Amblyomma sculptum Ticks and Descriptive Proteome of the Saliva
Ticks are obligate blood feeding ectoparasites that transmit a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms to their vertebrate hosts. Amblyomma sculptum is vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), the most lethal rickettsiosis that affects humans. It...
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Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-11-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00476/full |
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doaj-a77f5a94d7d0430dbd666c6c43e3c9c5 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eliane Esteves Sandra R. Maruyama Rebeca Kawahara André Fujita Larissa A. Martins Adne A. Righi Francisco B. Costa Giuseppe Palmisano Marcelo B. Labruna Anderson Sá-Nunes José M. C. Ribeiro Andréa C. Fogaça |
spellingShingle |
Eliane Esteves Sandra R. Maruyama Rebeca Kawahara André Fujita Larissa A. Martins Adne A. Righi Francisco B. Costa Giuseppe Palmisano Marcelo B. Labruna Anderson Sá-Nunes José M. C. Ribeiro Andréa C. Fogaça Analysis of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Unfed and Partially Fed Amblyomma sculptum Ticks and Descriptive Proteome of the Saliva Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Amblyomma tick salivary glands blood feeding spotted fever RNA-seq |
author_facet |
Eliane Esteves Sandra R. Maruyama Rebeca Kawahara André Fujita Larissa A. Martins Adne A. Righi Francisco B. Costa Giuseppe Palmisano Marcelo B. Labruna Anderson Sá-Nunes José M. C. Ribeiro Andréa C. Fogaça |
author_sort |
Eliane Esteves |
title |
Analysis of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Unfed and Partially Fed Amblyomma sculptum Ticks and Descriptive Proteome of the Saliva |
title_short |
Analysis of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Unfed and Partially Fed Amblyomma sculptum Ticks and Descriptive Proteome of the Saliva |
title_full |
Analysis of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Unfed and Partially Fed Amblyomma sculptum Ticks and Descriptive Proteome of the Saliva |
title_fullStr |
Analysis of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Unfed and Partially Fed Amblyomma sculptum Ticks and Descriptive Proteome of the Saliva |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Unfed and Partially Fed Amblyomma sculptum Ticks and Descriptive Proteome of the Saliva |
title_sort |
analysis of the salivary gland transcriptome of unfed and partially fed amblyomma sculptum ticks and descriptive proteome of the saliva |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
issn |
2235-2988 |
publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
description |
Ticks are obligate blood feeding ectoparasites that transmit a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms to their vertebrate hosts. Amblyomma sculptum is vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), the most lethal rickettsiosis that affects humans. It is known that the transmission of pathogens by ticks is mainly associated with the physiology of the feeding process. Pathogens that are acquired with the blood meal must first colonize the tick gut and later the salivary glands (SG) in order to be transmitted during a subsequent blood feeding via saliva. Tick saliva contains a complex mixture of bioactive molecules with anticlotting, antiplatelet aggregation, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties to counteract both the hemostasis and defense mechanisms of the host. Besides facilitating tick feeding, the properties of saliva may also benefits survival and establishment of pathogens in the host. In the current study, we compared the sialotranscriptome of unfed A. sculptum ticks and those fed for 72 h on rabbits using next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The total of reads obtained were assembled in 9,560 coding sequences (CDSs) distributed in different functional classes. CDSs encoding secreted proteins, including lipocalins, mucins, protease inhibitors, glycine-rich proteins, metalloproteases, 8.9 kDa superfamily members, and immunity-related proteins were mostly upregulated by blood feeding. Selected CDSs were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction preceded by reverse transcription (RT-qPCR), corroborating the transcriptional profile obtained by RNA-seq. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed 124 proteins in saliva of ticks fed for 96–120 h. The corresponding CDSs of 59 of these proteins were upregulated in SG of fed ticks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the proteome of A. sculptum saliva. The functional characterization of the identified proteins might reveal potential targets to develop vaccines for tick control and/or blocking of R. rickettsii transmission as well as pharmacological bioproducts with antihemostatic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. |
topic |
Amblyomma tick salivary glands blood feeding spotted fever RNA-seq |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00476/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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doaj-a77f5a94d7d0430dbd666c6c43e3c9c52020-11-24T22:41:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882017-11-01710.3389/fcimb.2017.00476268349Analysis of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome of Unfed and Partially Fed Amblyomma sculptum Ticks and Descriptive Proteome of the SalivaEliane Esteves0Sandra R. Maruyama1Rebeca Kawahara2André Fujita3Larissa A. Martins4Adne A. Righi5Francisco B. Costa6Giuseppe Palmisano7Marcelo B. Labruna8Anderson Sá-Nunes9José M. C. Ribeiro10Andréa C. Fogaça11Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, BrazilDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United StatesDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilTicks are obligate blood feeding ectoparasites that transmit a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms to their vertebrate hosts. Amblyomma sculptum is vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), the most lethal rickettsiosis that affects humans. It is known that the transmission of pathogens by ticks is mainly associated with the physiology of the feeding process. Pathogens that are acquired with the blood meal must first colonize the tick gut and later the salivary glands (SG) in order to be transmitted during a subsequent blood feeding via saliva. Tick saliva contains a complex mixture of bioactive molecules with anticlotting, antiplatelet aggregation, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties to counteract both the hemostasis and defense mechanisms of the host. Besides facilitating tick feeding, the properties of saliva may also benefits survival and establishment of pathogens in the host. In the current study, we compared the sialotranscriptome of unfed A. sculptum ticks and those fed for 72 h on rabbits using next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The total of reads obtained were assembled in 9,560 coding sequences (CDSs) distributed in different functional classes. CDSs encoding secreted proteins, including lipocalins, mucins, protease inhibitors, glycine-rich proteins, metalloproteases, 8.9 kDa superfamily members, and immunity-related proteins were mostly upregulated by blood feeding. Selected CDSs were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction preceded by reverse transcription (RT-qPCR), corroborating the transcriptional profile obtained by RNA-seq. Finally, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed 124 proteins in saliva of ticks fed for 96–120 h. The corresponding CDSs of 59 of these proteins were upregulated in SG of fed ticks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the proteome of A. sculptum saliva. The functional characterization of the identified proteins might reveal potential targets to develop vaccines for tick control and/or blocking of R. rickettsii transmission as well as pharmacological bioproducts with antihemostatic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00476/fullAmblyommaticksalivary glandsblood feedingspotted feverRNA-seq |