The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life
The gut is a pivotal organ in health and disease. The events that take place in the gut during early life contribute to the programming, shaping and tuning of distant organs, having lifelong consequences. In this context, the maternal gut plays a quintessence in programming the mammary gland to face...
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doaj-a80e71e1350e4482b6883233e14bc1a12021-02-13T00:03:29ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-02-011360660610.3390/nu13020606The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for LifeJuan M. Rodríguez0Leónides Fernández1Valerie Verhasselt2Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainSchool of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, M310 Perth, WA 6009, AustraliaThe gut is a pivotal organ in health and disease. The events that take place in the gut during early life contribute to the programming, shaping and tuning of distant organs, having lifelong consequences. In this context, the maternal gut plays a quintessence in programming the mammary gland to face the nutritional, microbiological, immunological, and neuroendocrine requirements of the growing infant. Subsequently, human colostrum and milk provides the infant with an impressive array of nutrients and bioactive components, including microbes, immune cells, and stem cells. Therefore, the axis linking the maternal gut, the breast, and the infant gut seems crucial for a correct infant growth and development. The aim of this article is not to perform a systematic review of the human milk components but to provide an insight of their extremely complex interactions, which render human milk a unique functional food and explain why this biological fluid still truly remains as a scientific enigma.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/606human milkgut-breast axisentero-mammary pathwayimmunomodulationtolerancegut colonization |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Juan M. Rodríguez Leónides Fernández Valerie Verhasselt |
spellingShingle |
Juan M. Rodríguez Leónides Fernández Valerie Verhasselt The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life Nutrients human milk gut-breast axis entero-mammary pathway immunomodulation tolerance gut colonization |
author_facet |
Juan M. Rodríguez Leónides Fernández Valerie Verhasselt |
author_sort |
Juan M. Rodríguez |
title |
The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life |
title_short |
The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life |
title_full |
The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life |
title_fullStr |
The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life |
title_sort |
gut‒breast axis: programming health for life |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
The gut is a pivotal organ in health and disease. The events that take place in the gut during early life contribute to the programming, shaping and tuning of distant organs, having lifelong consequences. In this context, the maternal gut plays a quintessence in programming the mammary gland to face the nutritional, microbiological, immunological, and neuroendocrine requirements of the growing infant. Subsequently, human colostrum and milk provides the infant with an impressive array of nutrients and bioactive components, including microbes, immune cells, and stem cells. Therefore, the axis linking the maternal gut, the breast, and the infant gut seems crucial for a correct infant growth and development. The aim of this article is not to perform a systematic review of the human milk components but to provide an insight of their extremely complex interactions, which render human milk a unique functional food and explain why this biological fluid still truly remains as a scientific enigma. |
topic |
human milk gut-breast axis entero-mammary pathway immunomodulation tolerance gut colonization |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/606 |
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