Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome, has now become a worldwide pandemic. Despite the respiratory complication, COVID-19 is also associated with significant multiple organ dysfunction, including severe cardiac impairment....
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doaj-a86866a6e93848e9b357f70851ee6b7e2020-11-25T03:32:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-09-01216790679010.3390/ijms21186790Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic StrategiesArun Samidurai0Anindita Das1Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USADivision of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USAThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome, has now become a worldwide pandemic. Despite the respiratory complication, COVID-19 is also associated with significant multiple organ dysfunction, including severe cardiac impairment. Emerging evidence reveals a direct interplay between COVID-19 and dire cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, heart attack, myocarditis, arrhythmias as well as blood clots, which are accompanied with elevated risk and adverse outcome among infected patients, even sudden death. The proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial impairment include invasion of SARS-CoV-2 virus via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to cardiovascular cells/tissue, which leads to endothelial inflammation and dysfunction, de-stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, stent thrombosis, cardiac stress due to diminish oxygen supply and cardiac muscle damage, and myocardial infarction. Several promising therapeutics are under investigation to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients with high risk of cardiovascular impairment, nevertheless to date, none have shown proven clinical efficacy. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to highlight the current integrated therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 and we summarized the potential therapeutic options, currently under clinical trials, with their mechanisms of action and associated adverse cardiac events in highly infectious COVID-19 patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6790cardiovascular diseasesCOVID-19treatment strategies |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Arun Samidurai Anindita Das |
spellingShingle |
Arun Samidurai Anindita Das Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies International Journal of Molecular Sciences cardiovascular diseases COVID-19 treatment strategies |
author_facet |
Arun Samidurai Anindita Das |
author_sort |
Arun Samidurai |
title |
Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |
title_short |
Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |
title_full |
Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |
title_fullStr |
Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies |
title_sort |
cardiovascular complications associated with covid-19 and potential therapeutic strategies |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome, has now become a worldwide pandemic. Despite the respiratory complication, COVID-19 is also associated with significant multiple organ dysfunction, including severe cardiac impairment. Emerging evidence reveals a direct interplay between COVID-19 and dire cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, heart attack, myocarditis, arrhythmias as well as blood clots, which are accompanied with elevated risk and adverse outcome among infected patients, even sudden death. The proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial impairment include invasion of SARS-CoV-2 virus via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to cardiovascular cells/tissue, which leads to endothelial inflammation and dysfunction, de-stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, stent thrombosis, cardiac stress due to diminish oxygen supply and cardiac muscle damage, and myocardial infarction. Several promising therapeutics are under investigation to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients with high risk of cardiovascular impairment, nevertheless to date, none have shown proven clinical efficacy. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to highlight the current integrated therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 and we summarized the potential therapeutic options, currently under clinical trials, with their mechanisms of action and associated adverse cardiac events in highly infectious COVID-19 patients. |
topic |
cardiovascular diseases COVID-19 treatment strategies |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/18/6790 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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