The response of mesospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations
<p>Water vapor (H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O) is the source of reactive hydrogen radicals in the middle atmosphere, whereas carbon monoxide (CO), being formed by CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub><...
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Copernicus Publications
2021-01-01
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Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/201/2021/acp-21-201-2021.pdf |
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doaj-a89e615df1b0499bba9f37c8c7aa71e1 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
A. Karagodin-Doyennel A. Karagodin-Doyennel E. Rozanov E. Rozanov A. Kuchar W. Ball P. Arsenovic E. Remsberg P. Jöckel M. Kunze D. A. Plummer A. Stenke D. Marsh D. Marsh D. Kinnison T. Peter |
spellingShingle |
A. Karagodin-Doyennel A. Karagodin-Doyennel E. Rozanov E. Rozanov A. Kuchar W. Ball P. Arsenovic E. Remsberg P. Jöckel M. Kunze D. A. Plummer A. Stenke D. Marsh D. Marsh D. Kinnison T. Peter The response of mesospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
author_facet |
A. Karagodin-Doyennel A. Karagodin-Doyennel E. Rozanov E. Rozanov A. Kuchar W. Ball P. Arsenovic E. Remsberg P. Jöckel M. Kunze D. A. Plummer A. Stenke D. Marsh D. Marsh D. Kinnison T. Peter |
author_sort |
A. Karagodin-Doyennel |
title |
The response of mesospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations |
title_short |
The response of mesospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations |
title_full |
The response of mesospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations |
title_fullStr |
The response of mesospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
The response of mesospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations |
title_sort |
response of mesospheric h<sub>2</sub>o and co to solar irradiance variability in models and observations |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
<p>Water vapor (H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O) is the source of reactive hydrogen radicals in the middle atmosphere, whereas carbon monoxide (CO), being formed by CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> photolysis, is suitable as a dynamical tracer. In the mesosphere, both H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and CO are sensitive to solar irradiance (SI) variability because of their destruction/production by solar radiation. This enables us to analyze the solar signal in both models and observed data. Here, we evaluate the mesospheric H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and CO response to solar irradiance variability using the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1) simulations and satellite observations. We analyzed the results of four CCMI models (CMAM, EMAC-L90MA, SOCOLv3, and CESM1-WACCM 3.5) operated in CCMI reference simulation REF-C1SD in specified dynamics mode, covering the period from 1984–2017. Multiple linear regression analyses show a pronounced and statistically robust response of H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and CO to solar irradiance variability and to the annual and semiannual cycles. For periods with available satellite data, we compared the simulated solar signal against satellite observations, namely the GOZCARDS composite for 1992–2017 for H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and Aura/MLS measurements for 2005–2017 for CO. The model results generally agree with observations and reproduce an expected negative and positive correlation for H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and CO, respectively, with solar irradiance. However, the magnitude of the response and patterns of the solar signal varies among the considered models, indicating differences in the applied chemical reaction and dynamical schemes, including the representation of photolyzes. We suggest that there is no dominating thermospheric influence of solar irradiance in CO, as reported in previous studies, because the response to solar variability is comparable with observations in both low-top and high-top models. We stress the importance of this work for improving our understanding of the current ability and limitations of state-of-the-art models to simulate a solar signal in the chemistry and dynamics of the middle atmosphere.</p> |
url |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/201/2021/acp-21-201-2021.pdf |
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doaj-a89e615df1b0499bba9f37c8c7aa71e12021-01-11T11:34:32ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-01-012120121610.5194/acp-21-201-2021The response of mesospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observationsA. Karagodin-Doyennel0A. Karagodin-Doyennel1E. Rozanov2E. Rozanov3A. Kuchar4W. Ball5P. Arsenovic6E. Remsberg7P. Jöckel8M. Kunze9D. A. Plummer10A. Stenke11D. Marsh12D. Marsh13D. Kinnison14T. Peter15The Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science (IAC), ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandThe Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Davos, SwitzerlandThe Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science (IAC), ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandThe Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Davos, SwitzerlandFaculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig Institute for Meteorology (LIM), Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, TU Delft, Delft, the NetherlandsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf, SwitzerlandScience Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USAInstitut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, GermanyInstitut für Meteorologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 12165 Berlin, GermanyClimate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, CanadaThe Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science (IAC), ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandNational Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USAPriestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKNational Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USAThe Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science (IAC), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland<p>Water vapor (H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O) is the source of reactive hydrogen radicals in the middle atmosphere, whereas carbon monoxide (CO), being formed by CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> photolysis, is suitable as a dynamical tracer. In the mesosphere, both H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and CO are sensitive to solar irradiance (SI) variability because of their destruction/production by solar radiation. This enables us to analyze the solar signal in both models and observed data. Here, we evaluate the mesospheric H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and CO response to solar irradiance variability using the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1) simulations and satellite observations. We analyzed the results of four CCMI models (CMAM, EMAC-L90MA, SOCOLv3, and CESM1-WACCM 3.5) operated in CCMI reference simulation REF-C1SD in specified dynamics mode, covering the period from 1984–2017. Multiple linear regression analyses show a pronounced and statistically robust response of H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and CO to solar irradiance variability and to the annual and semiannual cycles. For periods with available satellite data, we compared the simulated solar signal against satellite observations, namely the GOZCARDS composite for 1992–2017 for H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and Aura/MLS measurements for 2005–2017 for CO. The model results generally agree with observations and reproduce an expected negative and positive correlation for H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O and CO, respectively, with solar irradiance. However, the magnitude of the response and patterns of the solar signal varies among the considered models, indicating differences in the applied chemical reaction and dynamical schemes, including the representation of photolyzes. We suggest that there is no dominating thermospheric influence of solar irradiance in CO, as reported in previous studies, because the response to solar variability is comparable with observations in both low-top and high-top models. We stress the importance of this work for improving our understanding of the current ability and limitations of state-of-the-art models to simulate a solar signal in the chemistry and dynamics of the middle atmosphere.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/201/2021/acp-21-201-2021.pdf |