Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR
Abstract We present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Thro...
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2021-09-01
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97647-z |
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doaj-a90e9e00fea1423ca63ee078acecd9b02021-09-12T11:23:18ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-09-0111111210.1038/s41598-021-97647-zFrequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDRHannah M. Ogden0Matthew J. Murray1Joseph B. Murray2Clay Kirkendall3Brandon Redding4U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryAbstract We present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Through a combination of simulations, numerical analysis, and experimental measurements, we show that this approach not only enables lower noise and mitigates interference fading, but also improves the sensor linearity. We investigate the sensor dependence on the length of the pulse train and characterize the sensor performance as a function of range, demonstrating operation from 1 to 50 km. Despite its relative simplicity, this platform enables state-of-the-art performance, including low crosstalk, high linearity, and a minimum detectable strain of only 0.6 p $$\varepsilon /\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$$ ε / Hz in a 10 km fiber with 10 m spatial resolution and a bandwidth of 5 kHz.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97647-z |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hannah M. Ogden Matthew J. Murray Joseph B. Murray Clay Kirkendall Brandon Redding |
spellingShingle |
Hannah M. Ogden Matthew J. Murray Joseph B. Murray Clay Kirkendall Brandon Redding Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Hannah M. Ogden Matthew J. Murray Joseph B. Murray Clay Kirkendall Brandon Redding |
author_sort |
Hannah M. Ogden |
title |
Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
title_short |
Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
title_full |
Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
title_fullStr |
Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
title_full_unstemmed |
Frequency multiplexed coherent φ-OTDR |
title_sort |
frequency multiplexed coherent φ-otdr |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Abstract We present a comprehensive analysis of a frequency multiplexed phase-measuring φ-OTDR sensor platform. The system uses a train of frequency-shifted pulses to increase the average power injected into the fiber and provide a diversity of uncorrelated Rayleigh backscattering measurements. Through a combination of simulations, numerical analysis, and experimental measurements, we show that this approach not only enables lower noise and mitigates interference fading, but also improves the sensor linearity. We investigate the sensor dependence on the length of the pulse train and characterize the sensor performance as a function of range, demonstrating operation from 1 to 50 km. Despite its relative simplicity, this platform enables state-of-the-art performance, including low crosstalk, high linearity, and a minimum detectable strain of only 0.6 p $$\varepsilon /\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$$ ε / Hz in a 10 km fiber with 10 m spatial resolution and a bandwidth of 5 kHz. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97647-z |
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