Revisiting the crop yield loss in India attributable to ozone
Crop Yield Loss (CYL) due to surface ozone substantially affects the Indian economy and the food availability for a billion residents. Nevertheless, the incurring losses over India remain uncertain due to limited measurements and significant uncertainties in the surface O3 simulated by chemistry-tra...
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doaj-a96a6c3745fe46ec9c20df7cb9a276392020-11-25T01:26:21ZengElsevierAtmospheric Environment: X2590-16212019-01-011Revisiting the crop yield loss in India attributable to ozoneAmit Sharma0Narendra Ojha1Andrea Pozzer2Gufran Beig3Sachin S. Gunthe4EWRE Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, IndiaPhysical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, IndiaDepartment of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, IndiaEWRE Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India; Corresponding author.Crop Yield Loss (CYL) due to surface ozone substantially affects the Indian economy and the food availability for a billion residents. Nevertheless, the incurring losses over India remain uncertain due to limited measurements and significant uncertainties in the surface O3 simulated by chemistry-transport models, amongst other causes. Here, we revisit the ozone-attributable CYL using WRF-Chem model, with a set up previously shown to better reproduce the observed ozone variations over the contrasting chemical environments across the Indian region. WRF-Chem simulated ozone fields are converted to Accumulated Ozone above a Threshold of 40 ppbv (AOT40) for two primary crop growing seasons in India, i.e. Kharif (mid-June to mid-September), and Rabi (December to February). Relative Yield Losses (RYL) for wheat are found to be higher (∼21–26%) than those in a recent study based on observations (∼15%), as the model accounts for the rural chemistry which can be different from urban/suburban/high altitude environments where measurements are largely conducted. Additionally, RYL for rice estimated here (∼6%) is 3 times greater than a previous study using this model at a relatively coarser resolution to derive average surface ozone with a set of simulations with varying emission inventories, not evaluated in detail before deriving crop losses. The economic losses due to CYL estimated in this study (∼5 billion USD for wheat and 1.5 billion USD for rice) are on the higher side, when estimations from various studies are inter-compared (0.6–4.3 billion USD for wheat, and 0.5–1.5 billion USD for rice), for which increasing crop prices is also a contributing factor. Our study highlights an urgent need to conduct strategic ozone observations especially over agricultural fields, and the development of yearly regional-emission database to support policy making in India. Keywords: Ozone, Surface ozone impact, Crop yield, WRF-Chem, Emission inventorieshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162119300115 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Amit Sharma Narendra Ojha Andrea Pozzer Gufran Beig Sachin S. Gunthe |
spellingShingle |
Amit Sharma Narendra Ojha Andrea Pozzer Gufran Beig Sachin S. Gunthe Revisiting the crop yield loss in India attributable to ozone Atmospheric Environment: X |
author_facet |
Amit Sharma Narendra Ojha Andrea Pozzer Gufran Beig Sachin S. Gunthe |
author_sort |
Amit Sharma |
title |
Revisiting the crop yield loss in India attributable to ozone |
title_short |
Revisiting the crop yield loss in India attributable to ozone |
title_full |
Revisiting the crop yield loss in India attributable to ozone |
title_fullStr |
Revisiting the crop yield loss in India attributable to ozone |
title_full_unstemmed |
Revisiting the crop yield loss in India attributable to ozone |
title_sort |
revisiting the crop yield loss in india attributable to ozone |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Atmospheric Environment: X |
issn |
2590-1621 |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
Crop Yield Loss (CYL) due to surface ozone substantially affects the Indian economy and the food availability for a billion residents. Nevertheless, the incurring losses over India remain uncertain due to limited measurements and significant uncertainties in the surface O3 simulated by chemistry-transport models, amongst other causes. Here, we revisit the ozone-attributable CYL using WRF-Chem model, with a set up previously shown to better reproduce the observed ozone variations over the contrasting chemical environments across the Indian region. WRF-Chem simulated ozone fields are converted to Accumulated Ozone above a Threshold of 40 ppbv (AOT40) for two primary crop growing seasons in India, i.e. Kharif (mid-June to mid-September), and Rabi (December to February). Relative Yield Losses (RYL) for wheat are found to be higher (∼21–26%) than those in a recent study based on observations (∼15%), as the model accounts for the rural chemistry which can be different from urban/suburban/high altitude environments where measurements are largely conducted. Additionally, RYL for rice estimated here (∼6%) is 3 times greater than a previous study using this model at a relatively coarser resolution to derive average surface ozone with a set of simulations with varying emission inventories, not evaluated in detail before deriving crop losses. The economic losses due to CYL estimated in this study (∼5 billion USD for wheat and 1.5 billion USD for rice) are on the higher side, when estimations from various studies are inter-compared (0.6–4.3 billion USD for wheat, and 0.5–1.5 billion USD for rice), for which increasing crop prices is also a contributing factor. Our study highlights an urgent need to conduct strategic ozone observations especially over agricultural fields, and the development of yearly regional-emission database to support policy making in India. Keywords: Ozone, Surface ozone impact, Crop yield, WRF-Chem, Emission inventories |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162119300115 |
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