Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with <i>Salvinia biloba</i>: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts
The occurrence of heavy metals in industrial wastewater is unanimously considered a major concern since these pollutants cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and therefore have long residence times. Phytoremediation is one of the most widespread biotechnological applications worldwide, whic...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1737 |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Julia Emiliani Wendi G. Llatance Oyarce C. Daniela Bergara Lucas M. Salvatierra Luís A. B. Novo Leonardo M. Pérez |
spellingShingle |
Julia Emiliani Wendi G. Llatance Oyarce C. Daniela Bergara Lucas M. Salvatierra Luís A. B. Novo Leonardo M. Pérez Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with <i>Salvinia biloba</i>: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts Water plant-mediated remediation heavy metals cadmium copper lead zinc |
author_facet |
Julia Emiliani Wendi G. Llatance Oyarce C. Daniela Bergara Lucas M. Salvatierra Luís A. B. Novo Leonardo M. Pérez |
author_sort |
Julia Emiliani |
title |
Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with <i>Salvinia biloba</i>: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts |
title_short |
Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with <i>Salvinia biloba</i>: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts |
title_full |
Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with <i>Salvinia biloba</i>: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts |
title_fullStr |
Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with <i>Salvinia biloba</i>: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with <i>Salvinia biloba</i>: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts |
title_sort |
variations in the phytoremediation efficiency of metal-polluted water with <i>salvinia biloba</i>: prospects and toxicological impacts |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
The occurrence of heavy metals in industrial wastewater is unanimously considered a major concern since these pollutants cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and therefore have long residence times. Phytoremediation is one of the most widespread biotechnological applications worldwide, which consists in the use of plants to adsorb or accumulate a broad range of inorganic and organic contaminants from water, air, and soil. To improve the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of phytoremediation-based wastewater treatment systems, it is essential to use plants that are not only efficient in pollutants removal, but also abundant and easily accessible at the target site, requiring no-special culture conditions. In this study, we have evaluated the capacity of naturally-occurring aquatic macrophytes of the genus <i>Salvinia</i> (classified as <i>Salvinia biloba</i>) to phytoremediate water artificially contaminated with cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), or zinc (Zn) at equal molar concentrations (50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM), during 48 h. Additionally, photosynthetic and antioxidant pigments (carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, and flavonoids), and soluble carbohydrate content was also measured in floating leaves of <i>Salvinia</i> specimens to appraise heavy metals phytotoxicity. Elemental analyses to plant tissue indicate that <i>S. biloba</i> was able to bioconcentrate all four metals analyzed, albeit with different degrees of affinity. In addition, the mechanisms of uptake and detoxification were dissimilar for each ion, resulting in greater removal of Cu and Pb (≥96%, at both concentrations), in comparison to Cd (79 ± 4% and 56 ± 2% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively) and Zn (77 ± 5% and 70 ± 4% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively). Accordingly, the assessment of the selected physiological parameters in floating leaves suggests that different response mechanisms are triggered by each metal in <i>S. biloba</i> to counteract the corresponding toxicological stress. |
topic |
plant-mediated remediation heavy metals cadmium copper lead zinc |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1737 |
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doaj-a9a174682b81434bbd81c354547dfcf12020-11-25T02:25:06ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-06-01121737173710.3390/w12061737Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with <i>Salvinia biloba</i>: Prospects and Toxicological ImpactsJulia Emiliani0Wendi G. Llatance Oyarce1C. Daniela Bergara2Lucas M. Salvatierra3Luís A. B. Novo4Leonardo M. Pérez5Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO Rosario, ArgentinaGrupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO Rosario, ArgentinaGrupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO Rosario, ArgentinaGrupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO Rosario, ArgentinaLaboratory of Experimental and Applied Phytotechnologies (LEAPH), GeoBioTec, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalGrupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, S2002QEO Rosario, ArgentinaThe occurrence of heavy metals in industrial wastewater is unanimously considered a major concern since these pollutants cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and therefore have long residence times. Phytoremediation is one of the most widespread biotechnological applications worldwide, which consists in the use of plants to adsorb or accumulate a broad range of inorganic and organic contaminants from water, air, and soil. To improve the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of phytoremediation-based wastewater treatment systems, it is essential to use plants that are not only efficient in pollutants removal, but also abundant and easily accessible at the target site, requiring no-special culture conditions. In this study, we have evaluated the capacity of naturally-occurring aquatic macrophytes of the genus <i>Salvinia</i> (classified as <i>Salvinia biloba</i>) to phytoremediate water artificially contaminated with cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), or zinc (Zn) at equal molar concentrations (50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM), during 48 h. Additionally, photosynthetic and antioxidant pigments (carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, and flavonoids), and soluble carbohydrate content was also measured in floating leaves of <i>Salvinia</i> specimens to appraise heavy metals phytotoxicity. Elemental analyses to plant tissue indicate that <i>S. biloba</i> was able to bioconcentrate all four metals analyzed, albeit with different degrees of affinity. In addition, the mechanisms of uptake and detoxification were dissimilar for each ion, resulting in greater removal of Cu and Pb (≥96%, at both concentrations), in comparison to Cd (79 ± 4% and 56 ± 2% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively) and Zn (77 ± 5% and 70 ± 4% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively). Accordingly, the assessment of the selected physiological parameters in floating leaves suggests that different response mechanisms are triggered by each metal in <i>S. biloba</i> to counteract the corresponding toxicological stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1737plant-mediated remediationheavy metalscadmiumcopperleadzinc |