Influence of grooming on Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol rates
Grooming is an important factor on animal resistance to ticks. Rhipicephalus microplus is the most pathogenic cattle tick in Brazil causing death in susceptible animals. Cortisol is the hormone of stress. The influence of grooming on tick infestation and serum cortisol level was studied in 16 Holste...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Instituto de Zootecnia
2012-12-01
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Series: | Boletim de Indústria Animal |
Online Access: | http://revistas.bvs-vet.org.br/bia/article/view/7930 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fernanda Ferreira Pessoa Keila Maria Roncato Duarte Luciana Morita Katiki Luciandra Macedo de Toledo Isabel Kinney Ferreira de Miranda Santos Cecília José Veríssimo |
spellingShingle |
Fernanda Ferreira Pessoa Keila Maria Roncato Duarte Luciana Morita Katiki Luciandra Macedo de Toledo Isabel Kinney Ferreira de Miranda Santos Cecília José Veríssimo Influence of grooming on Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol rates Boletim de Indústria Animal |
author_facet |
Fernanda Ferreira Pessoa Keila Maria Roncato Duarte Luciana Morita Katiki Luciandra Macedo de Toledo Isabel Kinney Ferreira de Miranda Santos Cecília José Veríssimo |
author_sort |
Fernanda Ferreira Pessoa |
title |
Influence of grooming on Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol rates |
title_short |
Influence of grooming on Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol rates |
title_full |
Influence of grooming on Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol rates |
title_fullStr |
Influence of grooming on Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol rates |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of grooming on Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol rates |
title_sort |
influence of grooming on rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol rates |
publisher |
Instituto de Zootecnia |
series |
Boletim de Indústria Animal |
issn |
1981-4100 |
publishDate |
2012-12-01 |
description |
Grooming is an important factor on animal resistance to ticks. Rhipicephalus microplus is the most pathogenic cattle tick in Brazil causing death in susceptible animals. Cortisol is the hormone of stress. The influence of grooming on tick infestation and serum cortisol level was studied in 16 Holstein heifers from fifth to eight-month-old. They were infested with 10,000 larvae in June/20/2011. Half of them used a necklace made of wood strips and had an infestation chamber made by cotton cloth covering about 50 cm diameter of the shaved flank, fixed at the skin in both sides with adhesive to prevent larvae to escape from the infestation chamber and the amount of larvae was divided into the two chambers. Such artifacts had the purpose to avoid grooming. The heifers remained all the tick parasitic life cycle in individual pens inside a closed shed at Instituto de Zootecnia, in Nova Odessa, São Paulo State. Tick females bigger than 4.5 mm were counted in the right side from day 20 to 22 after the artificial infestation. The tick recovery rate was calculated by adding and multiplying by two the number of ticks counted, assuming that 5,000 female larvae had infested the cattle. Immediately before infestation (day 0) and in day2, day8, and day17 after infestation, blood samples were collected using vacuum tubes, in the morning (8:30 – 10:00 A.M.). Cortisol was measured by immunoassay (EIA) and the D.O. (optical density) at 420 nm was converted in ng of cortisol/mL of serum sample. The experimental design was randomized with 8 replications. Data from serum cortisol were analyzed using the General linear models of the SPSS® statistical package (version 12.0) using the presence of the artifacts (necklace and chamber) and sampling day as independent variables and serum cortisol as the dependent variable. In the analyse of tick recovery rate, the presence of artifacts was the independent variable and tick recovery rate the dependent variable. The presence of chamber and necklace did not affect the cortisol level, although they had prevented grooming. Consequently, animals with the artifacts had more ticks than the ones with no artifacts (34.56% versus 14.9% tick recovery rate, P< 0.05). The last blood sample collection had revealed an increase on the cortisol level, coinciding with the final parasitic life cycle of R. microplus (Table 1). No significant correlation were detected between cortisol levels and the tick recovery rate. Grooming is important to decrease the cattle tick infestation, but its limitation presented in this study, did not elevate the serum cortisol level, related to animal stress. |
url |
http://revistas.bvs-vet.org.br/bia/article/view/7930 |
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doaj-aa9d538efe574f87b6cc36eb42d74d6e2020-11-24T21:15:59ZengInstituto de ZootecniaBoletim de Indústria Animal1981-41002012-12-0169supl.62627130Influence of grooming on Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol ratesFernanda Ferreira Pessoa0Keila Maria Roncato Duarte1Luciana Morita Katiki2Luciandra Macedo de Toledo3Isabel Kinney Ferreira de Miranda Santos4Cecília José Veríssimo5Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, SPSecretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Genética e Reprodução Animal, Nova Odessa, SPSecretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Genética e Reprodução Animal, Nova Odessa, SPSecretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio de Bovinos de Leite, Nova Odessa, SPUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Ribeirão Preto, SPSecretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Genética e Reprodução Animal, Nova Odessa, SPGrooming is an important factor on animal resistance to ticks. Rhipicephalus microplus is the most pathogenic cattle tick in Brazil causing death in susceptible animals. Cortisol is the hormone of stress. The influence of grooming on tick infestation and serum cortisol level was studied in 16 Holstein heifers from fifth to eight-month-old. They were infested with 10,000 larvae in June/20/2011. Half of them used a necklace made of wood strips and had an infestation chamber made by cotton cloth covering about 50 cm diameter of the shaved flank, fixed at the skin in both sides with adhesive to prevent larvae to escape from the infestation chamber and the amount of larvae was divided into the two chambers. Such artifacts had the purpose to avoid grooming. The heifers remained all the tick parasitic life cycle in individual pens inside a closed shed at Instituto de Zootecnia, in Nova Odessa, São Paulo State. Tick females bigger than 4.5 mm were counted in the right side from day 20 to 22 after the artificial infestation. The tick recovery rate was calculated by adding and multiplying by two the number of ticks counted, assuming that 5,000 female larvae had infested the cattle. Immediately before infestation (day 0) and in day2, day8, and day17 after infestation, blood samples were collected using vacuum tubes, in the morning (8:30 – 10:00 A.M.). Cortisol was measured by immunoassay (EIA) and the D.O. (optical density) at 420 nm was converted in ng of cortisol/mL of serum sample. The experimental design was randomized with 8 replications. Data from serum cortisol were analyzed using the General linear models of the SPSS® statistical package (version 12.0) using the presence of the artifacts (necklace and chamber) and sampling day as independent variables and serum cortisol as the dependent variable. In the analyse of tick recovery rate, the presence of artifacts was the independent variable and tick recovery rate the dependent variable. The presence of chamber and necklace did not affect the cortisol level, although they had prevented grooming. Consequently, animals with the artifacts had more ticks than the ones with no artifacts (34.56% versus 14.9% tick recovery rate, P< 0.05). The last blood sample collection had revealed an increase on the cortisol level, coinciding with the final parasitic life cycle of R. microplus (Table 1). No significant correlation were detected between cortisol levels and the tick recovery rate. Grooming is important to decrease the cattle tick infestation, but its limitation presented in this study, did not elevate the serum cortisol level, related to animal stress.http://revistas.bvs-vet.org.br/bia/article/view/7930 |