In vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells

The β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is a very stable and accumulable isomer of Lindane, a well known organochlorine pesticide. The HCHs were banned in all developed countries but to date high concern still exists for environment, animal and human health due to contaminated sites. In this study, seve...

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Main Authors: Cristina Rossi, Pier Paolo Danieli, Bruno Ronchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2014-09-01
Series:Italian Journal of Animal Science
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.aspajournal.it/index.php/ijas/article/view/3360
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spelling doaj-aaceb616aea147ba92a4ef75c708639d2020-11-25T02:04:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupItalian Journal of Animal Science1594-40771828-051X2014-09-0113310.4081/ijas.2014.33602282In vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cellsCristina Rossi0Pier Paolo Danieli1Bruno Ronchi2Dipartimento di scienze e tecnologie per l’Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l’Energia, Università della Tuscia, ViterboDipartimento di scienze e tecnologie per l’Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l’Energia, Università della Tuscia, ViterboDipartimento di scienze e tecnologie per l’Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l’Energia, Università della Tuscia, ViterboThe β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is a very stable and accumulable isomer of Lindane, a well known organochlorine pesticide. The HCHs were banned in all developed countries but to date high concern still exists for environment, animal and human health due to contaminated sites. In this study, several <em>in vitro</em> tests [cell viability (XTT), trypan blue exclusion (TBE), lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays] were performed to investigate the toxic effects of exposure to β-HCH (from 0.1 to 1000 μM) on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). All the trials were performed incubating PBMCs for 2 and 7 days. At high concentrations (<em>i.e.</em> 1000 μM), the β-HCH approximately halved the number of living cells regardless the exposure time, significantly decreased the cell viability assessed by the XTT assay, and compromised the proliferation potential of PBMCs. At lower β-HCH exposure levels (0.1 to 100 μM), particularly after 7 days of exposure, a progressive decrease of cell viability has been observed. These adverse effects were significant at concentrations observed in the blood of cattle reared in polluted areas. The LDH results suggest that β-HCH does not clearly affect the integrity of the cell membrane in the range of exposure levels tested. All in all, these findings warn about the risk posed by the long-term exposure to β-HCH of farm animals reared in rural areas polluted by β-HCH. Further research is needed to deepen our knowledge about the mechanisms through which β-HCH affects the PBMCs functionality.http://www.aspajournal.it/index.php/ijas/article/view/3360Hexachlorocyclohexane, PBMCs, Cattle, In vitro toxicology, Organochlorine pesticides
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Cristina Rossi
Pier Paolo Danieli
Bruno Ronchi
spellingShingle Cristina Rossi
Pier Paolo Danieli
Bruno Ronchi
In vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Italian Journal of Animal Science
Hexachlorocyclohexane, PBMCs, Cattle, In vitro toxicology, Organochlorine pesticides
author_facet Cristina Rossi
Pier Paolo Danieli
Bruno Ronchi
author_sort Cristina Rossi
title In vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
title_short In vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
title_full In vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
title_fullStr In vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
title_full_unstemmed In vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
title_sort in vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticide β-hexachlorocyclohexane on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
series Italian Journal of Animal Science
issn 1594-4077
1828-051X
publishDate 2014-09-01
description The β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) is a very stable and accumulable isomer of Lindane, a well known organochlorine pesticide. The HCHs were banned in all developed countries but to date high concern still exists for environment, animal and human health due to contaminated sites. In this study, several <em>in vitro</em> tests [cell viability (XTT), trypan blue exclusion (TBE), lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays] were performed to investigate the toxic effects of exposure to β-HCH (from 0.1 to 1000 μM) on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). All the trials were performed incubating PBMCs for 2 and 7 days. At high concentrations (<em>i.e.</em> 1000 μM), the β-HCH approximately halved the number of living cells regardless the exposure time, significantly decreased the cell viability assessed by the XTT assay, and compromised the proliferation potential of PBMCs. At lower β-HCH exposure levels (0.1 to 100 μM), particularly after 7 days of exposure, a progressive decrease of cell viability has been observed. These adverse effects were significant at concentrations observed in the blood of cattle reared in polluted areas. The LDH results suggest that β-HCH does not clearly affect the integrity of the cell membrane in the range of exposure levels tested. All in all, these findings warn about the risk posed by the long-term exposure to β-HCH of farm animals reared in rural areas polluted by β-HCH. Further research is needed to deepen our knowledge about the mechanisms through which β-HCH affects the PBMCs functionality.
topic Hexachlorocyclohexane, PBMCs, Cattle, In vitro toxicology, Organochlorine pesticides
url http://www.aspajournal.it/index.php/ijas/article/view/3360
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