Emerging treatments for bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has been the gold standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). BCG immunotherapy prevents disease recurrence and progression to...
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Korean Urological Association
2021-07-01
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Online Access: | https://www.icurology.org/pdf/10.4111/icu.20200602 |
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doaj-ab3ff6535b504503813ac69c9aad4c572021-07-12T04:44:04ZengKorean Urological AssociationInvestigative and Clinical Urology2466-04932466-054X2021-07-0162436137710.4111/icu.20200602Emerging treatments for bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancerHyung Suk Kim 0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3661-275XHo Kyung Seo1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-1093Department of Urology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has been the gold standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). BCG immunotherapy prevents disease recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive disease following TURBT. Although most patients initially respond well to intravesical BCG, considerable concern has been raised for patients with BCG failure who are refractory or recur in 6 months after their last BCG, which implies ‘BCG-unresponsiveness’. Based on current clinical guidelines, early radical cystectomy (RC) is recommended to treat BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. However, due to the high risk of morbidity and mortality of RC and patients' desire to preserve their own bladder, there is a critical unmet need for alternative conservative treatments as bladder-sparing strategies in BCG-unresponsive patients. Trials for effective bladder-sparing treatments are ongoing, and several novel agents have been recently tested in the NMIBC setting. The goal of this review is to introduce and summarize recently reported novel and emerging drugs and ongoing clinical trials for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.https://www.icurology.org/pdf/10.4111/icu.20200602antibody-drug conjugatebacillus calmette-guerinimmune checkpoint inhibitorsoncolytic virotherapyurinary bladder neoplasms |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hyung Suk Kim Ho Kyung Seo |
spellingShingle |
Hyung Suk Kim Ho Kyung Seo Emerging treatments for bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Investigative and Clinical Urology antibody-drug conjugate bacillus calmette-guerin immune checkpoint inhibitors oncolytic virotherapy urinary bladder neoplasms |
author_facet |
Hyung Suk Kim Ho Kyung Seo |
author_sort |
Hyung Suk Kim |
title |
Emerging treatments for bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
title_short |
Emerging treatments for bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
title_full |
Emerging treatments for bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
title_fullStr |
Emerging treatments for bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Emerging treatments for bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
title_sort |
emerging treatments for bacillus calmette–guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
publisher |
Korean Urological Association |
series |
Investigative and Clinical Urology |
issn |
2466-0493 2466-054X |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has been the gold standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). BCG immunotherapy prevents disease recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive disease following TURBT. Although most patients initially respond well to intravesical BCG, considerable concern has been raised for patients with BCG failure who are refractory or recur in 6 months after their last BCG, which implies ‘BCG-unresponsiveness’. Based on current clinical guidelines, early radical cystectomy (RC) is recommended to treat BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. However, due to the high risk of morbidity and mortality of RC and patients' desire to preserve their own bladder, there is a critical unmet need for alternative conservative treatments as bladder-sparing strategies in BCG-unresponsive patients. Trials for effective bladder-sparing treatments are ongoing, and several novel agents have been recently tested in the NMIBC setting. The goal of this review is to introduce and summarize recently reported novel and emerging drugs and ongoing clinical trials for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. |
topic |
antibody-drug conjugate bacillus calmette-guerin immune checkpoint inhibitors oncolytic virotherapy urinary bladder neoplasms |
url |
https://www.icurology.org/pdf/10.4111/icu.20200602 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT hyungsukkim emergingtreatmentsforbacilluscalmetteguerinunresponsivenonmuscleinvasivebladdercancer AT hokyungseo emergingtreatmentsforbacilluscalmetteguerinunresponsivenonmuscleinvasivebladdercancer |
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