Male infertility: actual questions of physiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of disorders of the reproductive system in male

• Main Authors: O. A. Nikiforov, H. A. Lomeyko, S. V. Lomaka, I. A. Lavysh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Zaporozhye State Medical University 2014-08-01
• Series: Zaporožskij Medicinskij Žurnal
• Subjects: Male Infertility; Reproduction; Spermatogenesis; Male Genital Diseases
• Online Access: http://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/27404/24551
• ISSN: 2306-4145; 2310-1210

Introduction Infertility in men is the important problem, and not only medical, this is the most serious social problems in developed countries. It concerns both the individual and the family, and society in general. Actuality of this problem increases with age. Over the last 20 years the number infertile men rose from 30% to 50%. Male infertility gets 25-50% of all causes of infertility, the share of is. The situation is caused by multi-dimensionality of factors inherent in the present. The most significant are: socio-economic, environmental, lifestyle, marriage and family relations. And although the level of development of modern medicine is very high, often the cause of infertility in men can not be determined. Research objective To analyze the main issues of pathogenesis and diagnosis of male infertility. Materials and methods The next methods were used: the semantic evaluation of scientific documents, comparison, system and structural-logical analysis. Spermatogenesis is a complex process. It is estimated that out of testicular tank sperm contains about 440 million of cells. Male infertility can becaused by the inability of the sperm penetration in mature female egg. Secretory infertility is usually caused by two main reasons. The first- testicles pathology due to congenital or acquired factors. A special place in the development of secretory infertility has endocrine pathology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system (congenital and acquired hypogonadism, testosterone-deficient state) and diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis of infertility in men is based on medical history, clinical, laboratory and special methods of examination. Conclusions Infertility in men is important problem, and not only medical, this is the most serious social problems in developed countries, which relate both to the individual and the family, and society in general. Spermatogenesis is a complex process, in which primitive germ cells, or spermatogonia, share, reproducing like stem cells, or gives rise to daughter cells, further differentiate into the spermatocyte. A further division of spermatocyte gives rise to cell lines eventually differentiates into Spermatid and later in the sperm. Diagnosis of male infertility can be suspected in the case of absence of the child's conception in the pair during 12 months of regular sexual life without use of all types of contraception. Clinical examination of patients includes: history, physical examination, ejaculate study, determination of the level of hormones in blood serum, ultrasound of the scrotum, prostate gland, seminal vesicles.