Effects of Mind–Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) as an accurate, noninvasive measure of the Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) can reflect mental health (e.g., stress, depression, or anxiety). Tai Chi and Yoga (Tai Chi/Yoga), as the most widely practiced mind⁻body exercises, have shown positive outco...
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doaj-abd30ddec5bf4773ba878f72118808b12020-11-24T21:47:25ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832018-10-0171140410.3390/jcm7110404jcm7110404Effects of Mind–Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsLiye Zou0Jeffer Eidi Sasaki1Gao-Xia Wei2Tao Huang3Albert S. Yeung4Octávio Barbosa Neto5Kevin W. Chen6Stanley Sai-chuen Hui7Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-440, BrazilKey Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaDepartment of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepression Clinical and Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USADepartment of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-440, BrazilCenter for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADepartment of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, ChinaBackground: Heart rate variability (HRV) as an accurate, noninvasive measure of the Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) can reflect mental health (e.g., stress, depression, or anxiety). Tai Chi and Yoga (Tai Chi/Yoga), as the most widely practiced mind⁻body exercises, have shown positive outcomes of mental health. To date, no systematic review regarding the long-lasting effects of Tai Chi/Yoga on HRV parameters and perceived stress has been conducted. Objective: To critically evaluate the existing literature on this topic. Methods: Five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus and Cochrane Library) were searched from the start of the research project to July 2018. Study selection, data extraction, and study quality assessment were independently carried out by two reviewers. The potentially identified randomized controlled trials (RCT) reported the useful quantitative data that were included only for meta-analysis. Results: meta-analysis of 17 medium-to-high quality RCTs showed significantly beneficial effects on HRV parameters (normalized low-frequency, Hedge’s g = −0.39, 95% CI −0.39 to −0.56, <i>p</i> < 0.001, I2 = 11.62%; normalized high-frequency, Hedge’s g = 0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to −0.52, <i>p</i> < 0.001, I2 = 0%; low-frequency to high-frequency ratio, Hedge’s g = −0.58, 95% CI −0.81 to −0.35, <i>p</i> < 0.001, I2 = 53.78%) and stress level (Hedge’s g = −0.80, 95% CI −1.17 to −0.44, <i>p</i> < 0.001, I2 = 68.54%). Conclusions: Stress reduction may be attributed to sympathetic-vagal balance modulated by mind⁻body exercises. Tai Chi/Yoga could be an alternative method for stress reduction for people who live under high stress or negative emotions.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/7/11/404YogaTai Chimindfulnesspsycho-social stressHRVautonomous nervous system |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Liye Zou Jeffer Eidi Sasaki Gao-Xia Wei Tao Huang Albert S. Yeung Octávio Barbosa Neto Kevin W. Chen Stanley Sai-chuen Hui |
spellingShingle |
Liye Zou Jeffer Eidi Sasaki Gao-Xia Wei Tao Huang Albert S. Yeung Octávio Barbosa Neto Kevin W. Chen Stanley Sai-chuen Hui Effects of Mind–Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Journal of Clinical Medicine Yoga Tai Chi mindfulness psycho-social stress HRV autonomous nervous system |
author_facet |
Liye Zou Jeffer Eidi Sasaki Gao-Xia Wei Tao Huang Albert S. Yeung Octávio Barbosa Neto Kevin W. Chen Stanley Sai-chuen Hui |
author_sort |
Liye Zou |
title |
Effects of Mind–Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_short |
Effects of Mind–Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_full |
Effects of Mind–Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Mind–Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Mind–Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
title_sort |
effects of mind–body exercises (tai chi/yoga) on heart rate variability parameters and perceived stress: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2018-10-01 |
description |
Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) as an accurate, noninvasive measure of the Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) can reflect mental health (e.g., stress, depression, or anxiety). Tai Chi and Yoga (Tai Chi/Yoga), as the most widely practiced mind⁻body exercises, have shown positive outcomes of mental health. To date, no systematic review regarding the long-lasting effects of Tai Chi/Yoga on HRV parameters and perceived stress has been conducted. Objective: To critically evaluate the existing literature on this topic. Methods: Five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus and Cochrane Library) were searched from the start of the research project to July 2018. Study selection, data extraction, and study quality assessment were independently carried out by two reviewers. The potentially identified randomized controlled trials (RCT) reported the useful quantitative data that were included only for meta-analysis. Results: meta-analysis of 17 medium-to-high quality RCTs showed significantly beneficial effects on HRV parameters (normalized low-frequency, Hedge’s g = −0.39, 95% CI −0.39 to −0.56, <i>p</i> < 0.001, I2 = 11.62%; normalized high-frequency, Hedge’s g = 0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to −0.52, <i>p</i> < 0.001, I2 = 0%; low-frequency to high-frequency ratio, Hedge’s g = −0.58, 95% CI −0.81 to −0.35, <i>p</i> < 0.001, I2 = 53.78%) and stress level (Hedge’s g = −0.80, 95% CI −1.17 to −0.44, <i>p</i> < 0.001, I2 = 68.54%). Conclusions: Stress reduction may be attributed to sympathetic-vagal balance modulated by mind⁻body exercises. Tai Chi/Yoga could be an alternative method for stress reduction for people who live under high stress or negative emotions. |
topic |
Yoga Tai Chi mindfulness psycho-social stress HRV autonomous nervous system |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/7/11/404 |
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