| Summary: | Olive growing has been intensified through the simplification of agricultural landscapes. In order to rethink the environmental drawbacks of these practices, conservation biological control techniques have been examined. In this work, <i>Prays oleae</i> and its natural enemy <i>Chrysoperla carnea</i> were monitored to account for the effects of the amount and diversity of different land-uses. We found that <i>C. carnea </i>showed an attraction to areas with high abundances of <i>P. oleae </i>but this predator did not display any affection by the different land-uses. Inversely, <i>P. oleae </i>abundance was lower in diverse landscapes and higher in simplified ones. Importantly, higher abundances of <i>C. carnea </i>were related to lower infestation levels of <i>P. oleae </i>in the late part of the season. These results corroborate the attraction of <i>C. carnea </i>to the olive moth, highlighting the potential of <i>C. carnea </i>as a biological control agent of this pest, assert that the promotion of land-use diversity can reduce <i>P. oleae </i>and confirm that landscapes dominated by olive groves can promote this pest. The present study aims at contributing to the discussion about the management of agricultural ecosystems by providing farmers with sustainable alternatives that do not have harmful effects on the environment and public health.
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