Precipitable Water Vapour Retrieval from GPS Precise Point Positioning and NCEP CFSv2 Dataset during Typhoon Events
Radiosonde is extensively used for understanding meteorological parameters in the vertical direction. Four typhoon events, including three landfalls (MERANTI, NEPARTAK, and MEGI) and one non-landfall (MALAKAS), were chosen in analysing the precipitable water vapour (PWV) characteristics in this stud...
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doaj-ac4a8f9365fe47cbb24a4c1119fef26e2020-11-24T21:46:37ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-11-011811383110.3390/s18113831s18113831Precipitable Water Vapour Retrieval from GPS Precise Point Positioning and NCEP CFSv2 Dataset during Typhoon EventsXu Tang0Craig Matthew Hancock1Zhiyong Xiang2Yang Kong3Huib de Ligt4Hongkai Shi5Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard6Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, ChinaThe First Surveying and Mapping Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaNingbo Meteorological Bureau, 118 Qixiang Road, Ningbo 315100, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, ChinaSchool of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, 8 Fochengxi Road, Nanjing 211100, ChinaDepartment of Geomatic Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi +233, GhanaRadiosonde is extensively used for understanding meteorological parameters in the vertical direction. Four typhoon events, including three landfalls (MERANTI, NEPARTAK, and MEGI) and one non-landfall (MALAKAS), were chosen in analysing the precipitable water vapour (PWV) characteristics in this study. The spatial distribution of the three radiosonde stations in Zhejiang province does not meet the requirement in analysing changes in PWV during typhoon event. Global position system (GPS) observations are an alternative method for deriving the PWV. This enables improvements in the temporal⁻spatial resolution of PWV computed by the radiosonde measurements. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) re-analysed data were employed for interpolating temperature and atmosphere pressure at the GPS antennas height. The PWV computed from GPS observations and NCEP re-analysed data were then compared with the true PWV. The maximum difference of radiosonde and GPS PWV was not more than 30 mm at Taiz station. The Root-Mean-Square (RMS) of PWV differences between radiosonde and GPS was not more than 5 mm in January, February, March, November, and December. It was slightly greater than 5 mm in April. High RMS in May, June, July, August, September, and October implies that differences in GPS and radiosonde PWVs are evident in these months. Correlation coefficients of GPS and radiosonde PWVs were more than 0.9, indicating that the changes in GPS and radiosonde PWVs are similar. Radiosonde calculated PWVs were used for GPS PWV calibration for understanding the PWV changes during the period of a typhoon event. The results from three landfall typhoons show that the average PWV over Zhejiang province is increasing and approaching China mainland. In contrast, MALAKAS did not make landfall and shows a decreasing PWV trend, although it was heading to China mainland. Generally, the PWV change can be used to predict whether the typhoon will make landfall in these cases. PWV spatial distribution of MERANTI shows that PWV peaks change along the typhoon epicenter over Zhejiang province.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3831precise point positioningNCEP CFSv2CORSprecipitable water vapour changestyphoon event |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xu Tang Craig Matthew Hancock Zhiyong Xiang Yang Kong Huib de Ligt Hongkai Shi Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard |
spellingShingle |
Xu Tang Craig Matthew Hancock Zhiyong Xiang Yang Kong Huib de Ligt Hongkai Shi Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard Precipitable Water Vapour Retrieval from GPS Precise Point Positioning and NCEP CFSv2 Dataset during Typhoon Events Sensors precise point positioning NCEP CFSv2 CORS precipitable water vapour changes typhoon event |
author_facet |
Xu Tang Craig Matthew Hancock Zhiyong Xiang Yang Kong Huib de Ligt Hongkai Shi Jonathan Arthur Quaye-Ballard |
author_sort |
Xu Tang |
title |
Precipitable Water Vapour Retrieval from GPS Precise Point Positioning and NCEP CFSv2 Dataset during Typhoon Events |
title_short |
Precipitable Water Vapour Retrieval from GPS Precise Point Positioning and NCEP CFSv2 Dataset during Typhoon Events |
title_full |
Precipitable Water Vapour Retrieval from GPS Precise Point Positioning and NCEP CFSv2 Dataset during Typhoon Events |
title_fullStr |
Precipitable Water Vapour Retrieval from GPS Precise Point Positioning and NCEP CFSv2 Dataset during Typhoon Events |
title_full_unstemmed |
Precipitable Water Vapour Retrieval from GPS Precise Point Positioning and NCEP CFSv2 Dataset during Typhoon Events |
title_sort |
precipitable water vapour retrieval from gps precise point positioning and ncep cfsv2 dataset during typhoon events |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sensors |
issn |
1424-8220 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
Radiosonde is extensively used for understanding meteorological parameters in the vertical direction. Four typhoon events, including three landfalls (MERANTI, NEPARTAK, and MEGI) and one non-landfall (MALAKAS), were chosen in analysing the precipitable water vapour (PWV) characteristics in this study. The spatial distribution of the three radiosonde stations in Zhejiang province does not meet the requirement in analysing changes in PWV during typhoon event. Global position system (GPS) observations are an alternative method for deriving the PWV. This enables improvements in the temporal⁻spatial resolution of PWV computed by the radiosonde measurements. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) re-analysed data were employed for interpolating temperature and atmosphere pressure at the GPS antennas height. The PWV computed from GPS observations and NCEP re-analysed data were then compared with the true PWV. The maximum difference of radiosonde and GPS PWV was not more than 30 mm at Taiz station. The Root-Mean-Square (RMS) of PWV differences between radiosonde and GPS was not more than 5 mm in January, February, March, November, and December. It was slightly greater than 5 mm in April. High RMS in May, June, July, August, September, and October implies that differences in GPS and radiosonde PWVs are evident in these months. Correlation coefficients of GPS and radiosonde PWVs were more than 0.9, indicating that the changes in GPS and radiosonde PWVs are similar. Radiosonde calculated PWVs were used for GPS PWV calibration for understanding the PWV changes during the period of a typhoon event. The results from three landfall typhoons show that the average PWV over Zhejiang province is increasing and approaching China mainland. In contrast, MALAKAS did not make landfall and shows a decreasing PWV trend, although it was heading to China mainland. Generally, the PWV change can be used to predict whether the typhoon will make landfall in these cases. PWV spatial distribution of MERANTI shows that PWV peaks change along the typhoon epicenter over Zhejiang province. |
topic |
precise point positioning NCEP CFSv2 CORS precipitable water vapour changes typhoon event |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/11/3831 |
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