Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Molecular Detection of Cytotoxin and Enterotoxin Genes
Although opportunistic pathogens, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, have long been regarded as avirulent organisms. The role of toxins in the development of infections caused by CoNS is still controversial. The objective of...
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doaj-ac7e0d4312c1426bbc36c1dd4d5b356d2020-11-24T23:56:46ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512015-09-01793688369910.3390/toxins7093688toxins7093688Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Molecular Detection of Cytotoxin and Enterotoxin GenesLuiza Pinheiro0Carla Ivo Brito1Adilson de Oliveira2Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli Martins3Valéria Cataneli Pereira4Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha5Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, BrasilDepartamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, BrasilDepartamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, BrasilDepartamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, BrasilDepartamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, BrasilDepartamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, BrasilAlthough opportunistic pathogens, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, have long been regarded as avirulent organisms. The role of toxins in the development of infections caused by CoNS is still controversial. The objective of this study was to characterize the presence of enterotoxin and cytotoxin genes in S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates obtained from blood cultures. Cytotoxin genes were detected by PCR using novel species-specific primers. Among the 85 S. epidermidis and 84 S. haemolyticus isolates, 95.3% and 79.8%, respectively, carried at least one enterotoxin gene. The most frequent enterotoxin genes were sea (53.3%), seg (64.5%) and sei (67.5%). The seg gene was positively associated with S. epidermidis (p = 0.02), and this species was more toxigenic than S. haemolyticus. The hla/yidD gene was detected in 92.9% of S. epidermidis and the hla gene in 91.7% of S. haemolyticus isolates; hlb was detected in 92.9% of the S. epidermidis isolates and hld in 95.3%. Nosocomial Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates exhibited a high toxigenic potential, mainly producing the non-classical enterotoxins seg and sei. The previously unreported detection of hla/yidD and hlb in S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus using species-specific primers showed that these hemolysin genes differ between CoNS species and that they are highly frequent in blood culture isolates.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/9/3688Staphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus haemolyticusenterotoxinscytotoxins |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Luiza Pinheiro Carla Ivo Brito Adilson de Oliveira Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli Martins Valéria Cataneli Pereira Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha |
spellingShingle |
Luiza Pinheiro Carla Ivo Brito Adilson de Oliveira Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli Martins Valéria Cataneli Pereira Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Molecular Detection of Cytotoxin and Enterotoxin Genes Toxins Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus haemolyticus enterotoxins cytotoxins |
author_facet |
Luiza Pinheiro Carla Ivo Brito Adilson de Oliveira Patrícia Yoshida Faccioli Martins Valéria Cataneli Pereira Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha |
author_sort |
Luiza Pinheiro |
title |
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Molecular Detection of Cytotoxin and Enterotoxin Genes |
title_short |
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Molecular Detection of Cytotoxin and Enterotoxin Genes |
title_full |
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Molecular Detection of Cytotoxin and Enterotoxin Genes |
title_fullStr |
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Molecular Detection of Cytotoxin and Enterotoxin Genes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Molecular Detection of Cytotoxin and Enterotoxin Genes |
title_sort |
staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus haemolyticus: molecular detection of cytotoxin and enterotoxin genes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Toxins |
issn |
2072-6651 |
publishDate |
2015-09-01 |
description |
Although opportunistic pathogens, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, have long been regarded as avirulent organisms. The role of toxins in the development of infections caused by CoNS is still controversial. The objective of this study was to characterize the presence of enterotoxin and cytotoxin genes in S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates obtained from blood cultures. Cytotoxin genes were detected by PCR using novel species-specific primers. Among the 85 S. epidermidis and 84 S. haemolyticus isolates, 95.3% and 79.8%, respectively, carried at least one enterotoxin gene. The most frequent enterotoxin genes were sea (53.3%), seg (64.5%) and sei (67.5%). The seg gene was positively associated with S. epidermidis (p = 0.02), and this species was more toxigenic than S. haemolyticus. The hla/yidD gene was detected in 92.9% of S. epidermidis and the hla gene in 91.7% of S. haemolyticus isolates; hlb was detected in 92.9% of the S. epidermidis isolates and hld in 95.3%. Nosocomial Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates exhibited a high toxigenic potential, mainly producing the non-classical enterotoxins seg and sei. The previously unreported detection of hla/yidD and hlb in S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus using species-specific primers showed that these hemolysin genes differ between CoNS species and that they are highly frequent in blood culture isolates. |
topic |
Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus haemolyticus enterotoxins cytotoxins |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/9/3688 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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