Evidence for Divergent Selection on Immune Genes between the African Malaria Vectors, <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i>
During their life cycles, microbes infecting mosquitoes encounter components of the mosquito anti-microbial innate immune defenses. Many of these immune responses also mediate susceptibility to malaria parasite infection. In West Africa, the primary malaria vectors are <i>Anopheles coluzzii<...
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doaj-ad040169eb63473fa8b2509526af526a2020-12-19T00:01:20ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-12-011189389310.3390/insects11120893Evidence for Divergent Selection on Immune Genes between the African Malaria Vectors, <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i>Yoosook Lee0Lattha Souvannaseng1Travis C. Collier2Bradley J. Main3Laura C. Norris4Abdarahamane Fofana5Sekou F. Traoré6Anthony J. Cornel7Shirley Luckhart8Gregory C. Lanzaro9Vector Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAVector Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAVector Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAVector Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAMalaria Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako B.P.2528, MaliMalaria Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of Bamako, Bamako B.P.2528, MaliVector Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USAVector Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADuring their life cycles, microbes infecting mosquitoes encounter components of the mosquito anti-microbial innate immune defenses. Many of these immune responses also mediate susceptibility to malaria parasite infection. In West Africa, the primary malaria vectors are <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i> sensu stricto, which is subdivided into the Bamako and Savanna sub-taxa. Here, we performed whole genome comparisons of the three taxa as well as genotyping of 333 putatively functional SNPs located in 58 immune signaling genes. Genome data support significantly higher differentiation in immune genes compared with a randomly selected set of non-immune genes among the three taxa (permutation test <i>p</i> < 0.001). Among the 58 genes studied, the majority had one or more segregating mutations (72.9%) that were significantly diverged among the three taxa. Genes detected to be under selection include <i>MAP2K4</i> and <i>Raf</i>. Despite the genome-wide distribution of immune genes, a high level of linkage disequilibrium (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.8) was detected in over 27% of SNP pairs. We discuss the potential role of immune gene divergence as adaptations to the different larval habitats associated with <i>A. gambiae</i> taxa and as a potential force driving ecological speciation in this group of mosquitoes.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/12/893immune genesecological divergence<i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yoosook Lee Lattha Souvannaseng Travis C. Collier Bradley J. Main Laura C. Norris Abdarahamane Fofana Sekou F. Traoré Anthony J. Cornel Shirley Luckhart Gregory C. Lanzaro |
spellingShingle |
Yoosook Lee Lattha Souvannaseng Travis C. Collier Bradley J. Main Laura C. Norris Abdarahamane Fofana Sekou F. Traoré Anthony J. Cornel Shirley Luckhart Gregory C. Lanzaro Evidence for Divergent Selection on Immune Genes between the African Malaria Vectors, <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i> Insects immune genes ecological divergence <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> |
author_facet |
Yoosook Lee Lattha Souvannaseng Travis C. Collier Bradley J. Main Laura C. Norris Abdarahamane Fofana Sekou F. Traoré Anthony J. Cornel Shirley Luckhart Gregory C. Lanzaro |
author_sort |
Yoosook Lee |
title |
Evidence for Divergent Selection on Immune Genes between the African Malaria Vectors, <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i> |
title_short |
Evidence for Divergent Selection on Immune Genes between the African Malaria Vectors, <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i> |
title_full |
Evidence for Divergent Selection on Immune Genes between the African Malaria Vectors, <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i> |
title_fullStr |
Evidence for Divergent Selection on Immune Genes between the African Malaria Vectors, <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i> |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence for Divergent Selection on Immune Genes between the African Malaria Vectors, <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i> |
title_sort |
evidence for divergent selection on immune genes between the african malaria vectors, <i>anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>a. gambiae</i> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Insects |
issn |
2075-4450 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
During their life cycles, microbes infecting mosquitoes encounter components of the mosquito anti-microbial innate immune defenses. Many of these immune responses also mediate susceptibility to malaria parasite infection. In West Africa, the primary malaria vectors are <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> and <i>A. gambiae</i> sensu stricto, which is subdivided into the Bamako and Savanna sub-taxa. Here, we performed whole genome comparisons of the three taxa as well as genotyping of 333 putatively functional SNPs located in 58 immune signaling genes. Genome data support significantly higher differentiation in immune genes compared with a randomly selected set of non-immune genes among the three taxa (permutation test <i>p</i> < 0.001). Among the 58 genes studied, the majority had one or more segregating mutations (72.9%) that were significantly diverged among the three taxa. Genes detected to be under selection include <i>MAP2K4</i> and <i>Raf</i>. Despite the genome-wide distribution of immune genes, a high level of linkage disequilibrium (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.8) was detected in over 27% of SNP pairs. We discuss the potential role of immune gene divergence as adaptations to the different larval habitats associated with <i>A. gambiae</i> taxa and as a potential force driving ecological speciation in this group of mosquitoes. |
topic |
immune genes ecological divergence <i>Anopheles coluzzii</i> |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/12/893 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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