The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure
Hypertension affects one billion individuals worldwide and is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This increase in the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is principally driven by lifestyle changes such as increased hypercalor...
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2015-01-01
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Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
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doaj-ad2d2ba4d6ed483fa292ee2d9f8779e02020-11-24T21:26:07ZengHindawi LimitedMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612015-01-01201510.1155/2015/710613710613The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood PressureJose Lopez-Lopez0Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo1Paul A. Camacho2Diego Gomez-Arbelaez3Daniel D. Cohen4Dirección de Investigaciones, Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, ColombiaDirección de Investigaciones, Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, ColombiaDirección de Investigaciones, Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, ColombiaFacultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, ColombiaDirección de Investigaciones, Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, ColombiaHypertension affects one billion individuals worldwide and is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This increase in the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is principally driven by lifestyle changes such as increased hypercaloric diets and reduced physical activity producing an increase of obesity, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation. Visceral adipocytes are the principal source of proinflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammation participates in several steps in the development of CVD. However, maternal and infant malnutrition also persists as a major public health issue in low- to middle-income regions such as Latin America (LA). We propose that the increased rates of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in these countries could be the result of the discrepancy between a restricted nutritional environment during fetal development and early life, and a nutritionally abundant environment during adulthood. Maternal undernutrition, which may manifest in lower birth weight offspring, appears to accentuate the relative risk of chronic disease at lower levels of adiposity. Therefore, LA populations may be more vulnerable to the pathogenic consequences of obesity than individuals with similar lifestyles in high-income countries, which may be mediated by higher levels of proinflammatory markers and lower levels of muscle mass and strength observed in low birth weight individuals.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/710613 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jose Lopez-Lopez Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo Paul A. Camacho Diego Gomez-Arbelaez Daniel D. Cohen |
spellingShingle |
Jose Lopez-Lopez Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo Paul A. Camacho Diego Gomez-Arbelaez Daniel D. Cohen The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure Mediators of Inflammation |
author_facet |
Jose Lopez-Lopez Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo Paul A. Camacho Diego Gomez-Arbelaez Daniel D. Cohen |
author_sort |
Jose Lopez-Lopez |
title |
The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure |
title_short |
The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure |
title_full |
The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure |
title_fullStr |
The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure |
title_sort |
link between fetal programming, inflammation, muscular strength, and blood pressure |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Mediators of Inflammation |
issn |
0962-9351 1466-1861 |
publishDate |
2015-01-01 |
description |
Hypertension affects one billion individuals worldwide and is considered the leading cause of cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This increase in the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is principally driven by lifestyle changes such as increased hypercaloric diets and reduced physical activity producing an increase of obesity, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation. Visceral adipocytes are the principal source of proinflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammation participates in several steps in the development of CVD. However, maternal and infant malnutrition also persists as a major public health issue in low- to middle-income regions such as Latin America (LA). We propose that the increased rates of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in these countries could be the result of the discrepancy between a restricted nutritional environment during fetal development and early life, and a nutritionally abundant environment during adulthood. Maternal undernutrition, which may manifest in lower birth weight offspring, appears to accentuate the relative risk of chronic disease at lower levels of adiposity. Therefore, LA populations may be more vulnerable to the pathogenic consequences of obesity than individuals with similar lifestyles in high-income countries, which may be mediated by higher levels of proinflammatory markers and lower levels of muscle mass and strength observed in low birth weight individuals. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/710613 |
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