Crystallography, in Silico Studies, and In Vitro Antifungal Studies of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Analogues

A series of 2,4,5 trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazole analogues have been screened for their antifungal activity against five fungal strains, <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, and <i...

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Main Authors: Katharigatta N. Venugopala, Mohammed A. Khedr, Yarabahally R. Girish, Subhrajyoti Bhandary, Deepak Chopra, Mohamed A. Morsy, Bandar E. Aldhubiab, Pran Kishore Deb, Mahesh Attimarad, Anroop B. Nair, Nagaraja Sreeharsha, Rashmi V, Mahmoud Kandeel, Sabah H. Akrawi, Madhusudana Reddy M B, Sheena Shashikanth, Osama I. Alwassil, Viresh Mohanlall
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-06-01
Series:Antibiotics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/6/350
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author Katharigatta N. Venugopala
Mohammed A. Khedr
Yarabahally R. Girish
Subhrajyoti Bhandary
Deepak Chopra
Mohamed A. Morsy
Bandar E. Aldhubiab
Pran Kishore Deb
Mahesh Attimarad
Anroop B. Nair
Nagaraja Sreeharsha
Rashmi V
Mahmoud Kandeel
Sabah H. Akrawi
Madhusudana Reddy M B
Sheena Shashikanth
Osama I. Alwassil
Viresh Mohanlall
spellingShingle Katharigatta N. Venugopala
Mohammed A. Khedr
Yarabahally R. Girish
Subhrajyoti Bhandary
Deepak Chopra
Mohamed A. Morsy
Bandar E. Aldhubiab
Pran Kishore Deb
Mahesh Attimarad
Anroop B. Nair
Nagaraja Sreeharsha
Rashmi V
Mahmoud Kandeel
Sabah H. Akrawi
Madhusudana Reddy M B
Sheena Shashikanth
Osama I. Alwassil
Viresh Mohanlall
Crystallography, in Silico Studies, and In Vitro Antifungal Studies of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Analogues
Antibiotics
2,4,5 trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles
antifungal activity
single-crystal X-ray diffraction
minimum inhibitory concentration
molecular docking
dynamic studies
author_facet Katharigatta N. Venugopala
Mohammed A. Khedr
Yarabahally R. Girish
Subhrajyoti Bhandary
Deepak Chopra
Mohamed A. Morsy
Bandar E. Aldhubiab
Pran Kishore Deb
Mahesh Attimarad
Anroop B. Nair
Nagaraja Sreeharsha
Rashmi V
Mahmoud Kandeel
Sabah H. Akrawi
Madhusudana Reddy M B
Sheena Shashikanth
Osama I. Alwassil
Viresh Mohanlall
author_sort Katharigatta N. Venugopala
title Crystallography, in Silico Studies, and In Vitro Antifungal Studies of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Analogues
title_short Crystallography, in Silico Studies, and In Vitro Antifungal Studies of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Analogues
title_full Crystallography, in Silico Studies, and In Vitro Antifungal Studies of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Analogues
title_fullStr Crystallography, in Silico Studies, and In Vitro Antifungal Studies of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Analogues
title_full_unstemmed Crystallography, in Silico Studies, and In Vitro Antifungal Studies of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Analogues
title_sort crystallography, in silico studies, and in vitro antifungal studies of 2,4,5 trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazole analogues
publisher MDPI AG
series Antibiotics
issn 2079-6382
publishDate 2020-06-01
description A series of 2,4,5 trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazole analogues have been screened for their antifungal activity against five fungal strains, <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>, via a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) microdilution assay. Compounds GKV10, GKV11, and GKV15 emerged as promising antifungal agents against all the fungal strains used in the current study. One of the highly active antifungal compounds, GKV10, was selected for a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to unequivocally establish its molecular structure, conformation, and to understand the presence of different intermolecular interactions in its crystal lattice. A cooperative synergy of the C-H···O, C-H···N, C-H···S, C-H···π, and π···π intermolecular interactions was present in the crystal structure, which contributed towards the overall stabilization of the lattice. A molecular docking study was conducted for all the test compounds against <i>Candida albicans</i> lanosterol-14α-demethylase (pdb = 5 tzl). The binding stability of the highly promising antifungal test compound, GKV15, from the series was then evaluated by molecular dynamics studies.
topic 2,4,5 trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles
antifungal activity
single-crystal X-ray diffraction
minimum inhibitory concentration
molecular docking
dynamic studies
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/6/350
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spelling doaj-ad540e01a94d4a088b8f1a757c24e83c2020-11-25T03:40:19ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822020-06-01935035010.3390/antibiotics9060350Crystallography, in Silico Studies, and In Vitro Antifungal Studies of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole AnaloguesKatharigatta N. Venugopala0Mohammed A. Khedr1Yarabahally R. Girish2Subhrajyoti Bhandary3Deepak Chopra4Mohamed A. Morsy5Bandar E. Aldhubiab6Pran Kishore Deb7Mahesh Attimarad8Anroop B. Nair9Nagaraja Sreeharsha10Rashmi V11Mahmoud Kandeel12Sabah H. Akrawi13Madhusudana Reddy M B14Sheena Shashikanth15Osama I. Alwassil16Viresh Mohanlall17Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaACU-Center for Research and Innovations, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District 571448, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, JordanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Public health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4041, South AfricaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, IndiaDepartment of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaA series of 2,4,5 trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazole analogues have been screened for their antifungal activity against five fungal strains, <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, and <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>, via a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) microdilution assay. Compounds GKV10, GKV11, and GKV15 emerged as promising antifungal agents against all the fungal strains used in the current study. One of the highly active antifungal compounds, GKV10, was selected for a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to unequivocally establish its molecular structure, conformation, and to understand the presence of different intermolecular interactions in its crystal lattice. A cooperative synergy of the C-H···O, C-H···N, C-H···S, C-H···π, and π···π intermolecular interactions was present in the crystal structure, which contributed towards the overall stabilization of the lattice. A molecular docking study was conducted for all the test compounds against <i>Candida albicans</i> lanosterol-14α-demethylase (pdb = 5 tzl). The binding stability of the highly promising antifungal test compound, GKV15, from the series was then evaluated by molecular dynamics studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/6/3502,4,5 trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazolesantifungal activitysingle-crystal X-ray diffractionminimum inhibitory concentrationmolecular dockingdynamic studies