Role of Inflammasomes in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse Mediated Neuroinflammaging
Despite the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in suppressing virus replication, chronic inflammation remains one of the cardinal features intersecting HIV-1, cART, drug abuse, and likely contributes to the accelerated neurocognitive decline and aging in people living with HIV-1...
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doaj-ad866ab7206241b5b1c38639640ed1242020-11-25T03:45:22ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-08-0191857185710.3390/cells9081857Role of Inflammasomes in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse Mediated NeuroinflammagingSusmita Sil0Fang Niu1Ernest T. Chivero2Seema Singh3Palsamy Periyasamy4Shilpa Buch5Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADespite the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in suppressing virus replication, chronic inflammation remains one of the cardinal features intersecting HIV-1, cART, drug abuse, and likely contributes to the accelerated neurocognitive decline and aging in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) that abuse drugs. It is also estimated that ~30–60% of PLWH on cART develop cognitive deficits associated with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), with symptomatology ranging from asymptomatic to mild, neurocognitive impairments. Adding further complexity to HAND is the comorbidity of drug abuse in PLWH involving activated immune responses and the release of neurotoxins, which, in turn, mediate neuroinflammation. Premature or accelerated aging is another feature of drug abusing PLWH on cART regimes. Emerging studies implicate the role of HIV-1/HIV-1 proteins, cART, and abused drugs in altering the inflammasome signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) cells. It is thus likely that exposure of these cells to HIV-1/HIV-1 proteins, cART, and/or abused drugs could have synergistic/additive effects on the activation of inflammasomes, in turn, leading to exacerbated neuroinflammation, ultimately resulting in premature aging referred to as “inflammaging” In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of inflammasome activation, neuroinflammation, and aging in central nervous system (CNS) cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in the context of HIV-1 and drug abuse.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/8/1857HIV-1drug abuseinflammasomesneuroinflammationagingproinflammatory cytokines |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Susmita Sil Fang Niu Ernest T. Chivero Seema Singh Palsamy Periyasamy Shilpa Buch |
spellingShingle |
Susmita Sil Fang Niu Ernest T. Chivero Seema Singh Palsamy Periyasamy Shilpa Buch Role of Inflammasomes in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse Mediated Neuroinflammaging Cells HIV-1 drug abuse inflammasomes neuroinflammation aging proinflammatory cytokines |
author_facet |
Susmita Sil Fang Niu Ernest T. Chivero Seema Singh Palsamy Periyasamy Shilpa Buch |
author_sort |
Susmita Sil |
title |
Role of Inflammasomes in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse Mediated Neuroinflammaging |
title_short |
Role of Inflammasomes in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse Mediated Neuroinflammaging |
title_full |
Role of Inflammasomes in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse Mediated Neuroinflammaging |
title_fullStr |
Role of Inflammasomes in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse Mediated Neuroinflammaging |
title_full_unstemmed |
Role of Inflammasomes in HIV-1 and Drug Abuse Mediated Neuroinflammaging |
title_sort |
role of inflammasomes in hiv-1 and drug abuse mediated neuroinflammaging |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cells |
issn |
2073-4409 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
Despite the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in suppressing virus replication, chronic inflammation remains one of the cardinal features intersecting HIV-1, cART, drug abuse, and likely contributes to the accelerated neurocognitive decline and aging in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) that abuse drugs. It is also estimated that ~30–60% of PLWH on cART develop cognitive deficits associated with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), with symptomatology ranging from asymptomatic to mild, neurocognitive impairments. Adding further complexity to HAND is the comorbidity of drug abuse in PLWH involving activated immune responses and the release of neurotoxins, which, in turn, mediate neuroinflammation. Premature or accelerated aging is another feature of drug abusing PLWH on cART regimes. Emerging studies implicate the role of HIV-1/HIV-1 proteins, cART, and abused drugs in altering the inflammasome signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) cells. It is thus likely that exposure of these cells to HIV-1/HIV-1 proteins, cART, and/or abused drugs could have synergistic/additive effects on the activation of inflammasomes, in turn, leading to exacerbated neuroinflammation, ultimately resulting in premature aging referred to as “inflammaging” In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of inflammasome activation, neuroinflammation, and aging in central nervous system (CNS) cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in the context of HIV-1 and drug abuse. |
topic |
HIV-1 drug abuse inflammasomes neuroinflammation aging proinflammatory cytokines |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/8/1857 |
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