| Summary: | The use of video, as a representation of a work setting for activity analysis, is now adopted in numerous researches. But such use raises a number of questions. Two of them are examined in this article. First, there is a need to question the status of a video as being a presumably immediate and neutral representation of action at work, on which the researcher is focusing. The respective roles of researchers / experts and operators in the choice of sequences selected for filming, in cutting or assembling, the prerogatives of the makers, etc, all comprise examples of false obviousness, masking in fact a more or less conscious decision about what should be represented or not. Secondly, the increasing dissemination of the methodological framework, known as « Crossed self-confrontation » borrowed from various researches in the « Clinic of activity », bring on further interrogations. These tasks, in addition to the use of the video, present further potential difficulties linked to the setting up of « activity on the activity” situations undertaken by a community of researchers and workers associated to analysis and research: researchers - workers interactions, the discursive production of the workers in reference to the representation of their work, the nature and the vocational use of the video obtained at the end of the process. This article discusses these questions in order to increase our knowledge regarding these complex objects, and is primarily based on some major concepts of the Bakhtinian dialogical theory.
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