Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Occurrence of Peel Roughing Disorder on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit
Roughing disorder (RD) is a significant quality barrier in citrus fruit, prevalent on easy-peeling mandarins. As RD is not yet well-understood, this study aimed to examine the changes and synergic molecular processes involved in peel RD. Peel with RD was induced by severely defruiting Satsuma mandar...
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doaj-ae347e83570a47058b311e98d8a576d92020-11-24T23:12:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2017-11-01810.3389/fpls.2017.01907288487Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Occurrence of Peel Roughing Disorder on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) FruitXiao-Peng Lu0Xiao-Peng Lu1Fei-Fei Li2Fei-Fei Li3Fei-Fei Li4Jiang Xiong5Jiang Xiong6Xiong-Jun Cao7Xiong-Jun Cao8Xiao-Chuan Ma9Xiao-Chuan Ma10Zi-Mu Zhang11Zi-Mu Zhang12Shang-Yin Cao13Shen-Xi Xie14Shen-Xi Xie15Horticulture Department, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaNational Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha, ChinaHorticulture Department, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaNational Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha, ChinaInstitute of Horticulture, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, ChinaHorticulture Department, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaNational Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha, ChinaHorticulture Department, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaNational Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha, ChinaHorticulture Department, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaNational Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha, ChinaHorticulture Department, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaNational Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha, ChinaZhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, ChinaHorticulture Department, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, ChinaNational Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha, ChinaRoughing disorder (RD) is a significant quality barrier in citrus fruit, prevalent on easy-peeling mandarins. As RD is not yet well-understood, this study aimed to examine the changes and synergic molecular processes involved in peel RD. Peel with RD was induced by severely defruiting Satsuma mandarin trees. Morphology observations, RNA-sequencing, and targeted and untargeted metabolic analyses were conducted. The results showed that the primary metabolites of sugars, organic acids and amino acids are dramatically changed in RD peel. The RD peel was always characterized by higher magnesium content during development. Comparative transcriptome profiling was performed for CK and RD peels at 30, 80, and 170 days after full bloom (DAFB) which represented fruit at cell division stage, cell enlargement stage and fruit maturity stage, respectively. Physiological and molecular biological evidence suggested that the month after full bloom is a crucial stage for RD initiation. A total of 4,855 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RD peel, relative to CK peel were detected at cell division stage, about 2 to 4-fold more than other stages had. Among the differentially expressed transcription factors, the bHLH family were affected most by RD, and six bHLH transcription factors functionally involved in GA metabolism were assessed to associate with RD occurrence. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that RD significantly altered starch and GA metabolism in peel. Higher starch content and hydrolysed chain status were found in RD peel at cell division stage. RD occurrence on the peel was influenced significantly by GA, especially abundant GA before July. These changes may mean a significant alteration in sink strength of RD peel. The findings of this study provide insights into the emergence, development and molecular mechanisms of RD.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01907/fullsatsuma mandarinroughing disorderGAstarchmineral nutrientsRNA-sequencing |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xiao-Peng Lu Xiao-Peng Lu Fei-Fei Li Fei-Fei Li Fei-Fei Li Jiang Xiong Jiang Xiong Xiong-Jun Cao Xiong-Jun Cao Xiao-Chuan Ma Xiao-Chuan Ma Zi-Mu Zhang Zi-Mu Zhang Shang-Yin Cao Shen-Xi Xie Shen-Xi Xie |
spellingShingle |
Xiao-Peng Lu Xiao-Peng Lu Fei-Fei Li Fei-Fei Li Fei-Fei Li Jiang Xiong Jiang Xiong Xiong-Jun Cao Xiong-Jun Cao Xiao-Chuan Ma Xiao-Chuan Ma Zi-Mu Zhang Zi-Mu Zhang Shang-Yin Cao Shen-Xi Xie Shen-Xi Xie Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Occurrence of Peel Roughing Disorder on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit Frontiers in Plant Science satsuma mandarin roughing disorder GA starch mineral nutrients RNA-sequencing |
author_facet |
Xiao-Peng Lu Xiao-Peng Lu Fei-Fei Li Fei-Fei Li Fei-Fei Li Jiang Xiong Jiang Xiong Xiong-Jun Cao Xiong-Jun Cao Xiao-Chuan Ma Xiao-Chuan Ma Zi-Mu Zhang Zi-Mu Zhang Shang-Yin Cao Shen-Xi Xie Shen-Xi Xie |
author_sort |
Xiao-Peng Lu |
title |
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Occurrence of Peel Roughing Disorder on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit |
title_short |
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Occurrence of Peel Roughing Disorder on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit |
title_full |
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Occurrence of Peel Roughing Disorder on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit |
title_fullStr |
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Occurrence of Peel Roughing Disorder on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit |
title_full_unstemmed |
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Occurrence of Peel Roughing Disorder on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit |
title_sort |
transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide insights into the occurrence of peel roughing disorder on satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) fruit |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
description |
Roughing disorder (RD) is a significant quality barrier in citrus fruit, prevalent on easy-peeling mandarins. As RD is not yet well-understood, this study aimed to examine the changes and synergic molecular processes involved in peel RD. Peel with RD was induced by severely defruiting Satsuma mandarin trees. Morphology observations, RNA-sequencing, and targeted and untargeted metabolic analyses were conducted. The results showed that the primary metabolites of sugars, organic acids and amino acids are dramatically changed in RD peel. The RD peel was always characterized by higher magnesium content during development. Comparative transcriptome profiling was performed for CK and RD peels at 30, 80, and 170 days after full bloom (DAFB) which represented fruit at cell division stage, cell enlargement stage and fruit maturity stage, respectively. Physiological and molecular biological evidence suggested that the month after full bloom is a crucial stage for RD initiation. A total of 4,855 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RD peel, relative to CK peel were detected at cell division stage, about 2 to 4-fold more than other stages had. Among the differentially expressed transcription factors, the bHLH family were affected most by RD, and six bHLH transcription factors functionally involved in GA metabolism were assessed to associate with RD occurrence. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that RD significantly altered starch and GA metabolism in peel. Higher starch content and hydrolysed chain status were found in RD peel at cell division stage. RD occurrence on the peel was influenced significantly by GA, especially abundant GA before July. These changes may mean a significant alteration in sink strength of RD peel. The findings of this study provide insights into the emergence, development and molecular mechanisms of RD. |
topic |
satsuma mandarin roughing disorder GA starch mineral nutrients RNA-sequencing |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01907/full |
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