Diagnostic Measures of Disease Progression in Cattle Following Natural Infection with Bovine Leukemia Virus
This study describes the longitudinal changes in bovine leukemia virus (BLV) ELISA antibodies, proviral load (PVL), and blood lymphocyte counts (LC) observed over a 2.5-year period in naturally infected cattle. The dataset utilized was from a BLV intervention field trial on three Midwestern dairy he...
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doaj-aea104e578fc45d3bb0424a4a09f0bfc2021-08-26T14:11:43ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-08-011098798710.3390/pathogens10080987Diagnostic Measures of Disease Progression in Cattle Following Natural Infection with Bovine Leukemia VirusHolden C. Hutchinson0Vickie J. Ruggiero1Bo Norby2Kelly R. B. Sporer3Paul C. Bartlett4Agricultural Research Services Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USACollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USACollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USACentralStar Cooperative, East Lansing, MI 48910, USACollege of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USAThis study describes the longitudinal changes in bovine leukemia virus (BLV) ELISA antibodies, proviral load (PVL), and blood lymphocyte counts (LC) observed over a 2.5-year period in naturally infected cattle. The dataset utilized was from a BLV intervention field trial on three Midwestern dairy herds. Our analysis showed ELISA false negatives were more likely to occur in cattle with low PVL and normal LC. On average, negligible changes in LC were observed during six-month intervals. Periods of lymphocytosis, defined as >10,000 lymphocytes per uL of blood, were observed in 31.5% (68/216) of BLV test-positive cattle. In BLV test-positive cows, an average increase of 2900 to 3100 proviral copies per 100,000 cells was observed during each subsequent six-month sampling interval. The difference between the minimum and maximum PVL observed for an ELISA-positive cow with 3 or more observations ranged from 0 to 115,600 copies per 100,000 cells (median: 12,900; mean: 19,200). Therefore, following the identification of ELISA-positive cattle and the assessment of PVL and LC, subsequent semiannual tests to assess disease progression may not be needed. Further work is needed to determine how available diagnostic tests can be optimized to design cost-effective testing schemes for BLV control programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/987epidemiologybovine leukemia virusprogression |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Holden C. Hutchinson Vickie J. Ruggiero Bo Norby Kelly R. B. Sporer Paul C. Bartlett |
spellingShingle |
Holden C. Hutchinson Vickie J. Ruggiero Bo Norby Kelly R. B. Sporer Paul C. Bartlett Diagnostic Measures of Disease Progression in Cattle Following Natural Infection with Bovine Leukemia Virus Pathogens epidemiology bovine leukemia virus progression |
author_facet |
Holden C. Hutchinson Vickie J. Ruggiero Bo Norby Kelly R. B. Sporer Paul C. Bartlett |
author_sort |
Holden C. Hutchinson |
title |
Diagnostic Measures of Disease Progression in Cattle Following Natural Infection with Bovine Leukemia Virus |
title_short |
Diagnostic Measures of Disease Progression in Cattle Following Natural Infection with Bovine Leukemia Virus |
title_full |
Diagnostic Measures of Disease Progression in Cattle Following Natural Infection with Bovine Leukemia Virus |
title_fullStr |
Diagnostic Measures of Disease Progression in Cattle Following Natural Infection with Bovine Leukemia Virus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diagnostic Measures of Disease Progression in Cattle Following Natural Infection with Bovine Leukemia Virus |
title_sort |
diagnostic measures of disease progression in cattle following natural infection with bovine leukemia virus |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Pathogens |
issn |
2076-0817 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
This study describes the longitudinal changes in bovine leukemia virus (BLV) ELISA antibodies, proviral load (PVL), and blood lymphocyte counts (LC) observed over a 2.5-year period in naturally infected cattle. The dataset utilized was from a BLV intervention field trial on three Midwestern dairy herds. Our analysis showed ELISA false negatives were more likely to occur in cattle with low PVL and normal LC. On average, negligible changes in LC were observed during six-month intervals. Periods of lymphocytosis, defined as >10,000 lymphocytes per uL of blood, were observed in 31.5% (68/216) of BLV test-positive cattle. In BLV test-positive cows, an average increase of 2900 to 3100 proviral copies per 100,000 cells was observed during each subsequent six-month sampling interval. The difference between the minimum and maximum PVL observed for an ELISA-positive cow with 3 or more observations ranged from 0 to 115,600 copies per 100,000 cells (median: 12,900; mean: 19,200). Therefore, following the identification of ELISA-positive cattle and the assessment of PVL and LC, subsequent semiannual tests to assess disease progression may not be needed. Further work is needed to determine how available diagnostic tests can be optimized to design cost-effective testing schemes for BLV control programs. |
topic |
epidemiology bovine leukemia virus progression |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/8/987 |
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