Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review
This study examined the literature on life cycle assessment on the ferromanganese alloy production route. The environmental impacts of raw material acquisition through the production of carbon reductants to the production of ferromanganese alloys were examined and compared. The transition from the c...
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doaj-aef3f59279f44b6dbe6b21d718cb12932021-01-20T00:06:24ZengMDPI AGProcesses2227-97172021-01-01918518510.3390/pr9010185Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A ReviewGerrit Ralf Surup0Anna Trubetskaya1Merete Tangstad2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, IrelandDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayThis study examined the literature on life cycle assessment on the ferromanganese alloy production route. The environmental impacts of raw material acquisition through the production of carbon reductants to the production of ferromanganese alloys were examined and compared. The transition from the current fossil fuel-based production to a more sustainable production route was reviewed. Besides the environmental impact, policy and socioeconomic impacts were considered due to evaluation course of differences in the production routes. Charcoal has the potential to substantially replace fossil fuel reductants in the upcoming decades. The environmental impact from current ferromanganese alloy production can be reduced by ≥20% by the charcoal produced in slow pyrolysis kilns, which can be further reduced by ≥50% for a sustainable production in high-efficient retorts. Certificated biomass can ensure a sustainable growth to avoid deforestation and acidification of the environment. Although greenhouse gas emissions from transport are low for the ferromanganese alloy production, they may increase due to the low bulk density of charcoal and the decentralized production of biomass. However, centralized charcoal retorts can provide additional by-products or biofuel and ensure better product quality for the industrial application. Further upgrading of charcoal can finally result in a CO<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> neutral ferromanganese alloy production for the renewable power supply.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/1/185charcoallife cycle assessmentsustainable biomass growthminingmetallurgical coke |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gerrit Ralf Surup Anna Trubetskaya Merete Tangstad |
spellingShingle |
Gerrit Ralf Surup Anna Trubetskaya Merete Tangstad Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review Processes charcoal life cycle assessment sustainable biomass growth mining metallurgical coke |
author_facet |
Gerrit Ralf Surup Anna Trubetskaya Merete Tangstad |
author_sort |
Gerrit Ralf Surup |
title |
Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review |
title_short |
Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review |
title_full |
Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review |
title_fullStr |
Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review |
title_sort |
life cycle assessment of renewable reductants in the ferromanganese alloy production: a review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Processes |
issn |
2227-9717 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
This study examined the literature on life cycle assessment on the ferromanganese alloy production route. The environmental impacts of raw material acquisition through the production of carbon reductants to the production of ferromanganese alloys were examined and compared. The transition from the current fossil fuel-based production to a more sustainable production route was reviewed. Besides the environmental impact, policy and socioeconomic impacts were considered due to evaluation course of differences in the production routes. Charcoal has the potential to substantially replace fossil fuel reductants in the upcoming decades. The environmental impact from current ferromanganese alloy production can be reduced by ≥20% by the charcoal produced in slow pyrolysis kilns, which can be further reduced by ≥50% for a sustainable production in high-efficient retorts. Certificated biomass can ensure a sustainable growth to avoid deforestation and acidification of the environment. Although greenhouse gas emissions from transport are low for the ferromanganese alloy production, they may increase due to the low bulk density of charcoal and the decentralized production of biomass. However, centralized charcoal retorts can provide additional by-products or biofuel and ensure better product quality for the industrial application. Further upgrading of charcoal can finally result in a CO<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> neutral ferromanganese alloy production for the renewable power supply. |
topic |
charcoal life cycle assessment sustainable biomass growth mining metallurgical coke |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/1/185 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT gerritralfsurup lifecycleassessmentofrenewablereductantsintheferromanganesealloyproductionareview AT annatrubetskaya lifecycleassessmentofrenewablereductantsintheferromanganesealloyproductionareview AT meretetangstad lifecycleassessmentofrenewablereductantsintheferromanganesealloyproductionareview |
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