Monitoring the impact of HPV vaccine in males—Considerations and challenges
In this article, we examine the issues involved if national or sub-national programs are considering extending post HPV vaccine introduction monitoring to include males. Vaccination programs are now being extended to include males in some countries, in order to improve population level HPV infection...
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2016-12-01
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doaj-aefa19fec62740c7ba87162387145ae82020-11-25T02:15:37ZengElsevierPapillomavirus Research2405-85212016-12-012106111Monitoring the impact of HPV vaccine in males—Considerations and challengesJulia M.L. Brotherton0Anna R. Giuliano1Lauri E. Markowitz2Eileen F. Dunne3Gina S. Ogilvie4National HPV Vaccination Program Register, VCS Inc., PO Box 310, East Melbourne, Victoria 8002, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Corresponding author at: National HPV Vaccination Program Register, Victorian Cytology Service, PO Box 310, East Melbourne, Victoria 8002, Australia.Centre for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffit Cancer Centre, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USACenters for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USABehavioral & Clinical Research Section, HIV/STD Research Program Thailand MOPH – U.S. CDC Collaboration, DDC 7 Building, 4th Floor Ministry of Public Health, Soi 4 Tivanon Rd., Nonthaburi 11000 ThailandUniversity of British Columbia and BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H 3N1In this article, we examine the issues involved if national or sub-national programs are considering extending post HPV vaccine introduction monitoring to include males. Vaccination programs are now being extended to include males in some countries, in order to improve population level HPV infection control and to directly prevent HPV-related disease in males such as anogenital warts and anal cancers. Coverage and adverse events surveillance are essential components of post-vaccination monitoring. Monitoring the impact of vaccination on HPV infection and disease in men raises some similar challenges to monitoring in females, such as the long time frame until cancer outcomes, and also different ones given that genital specimens suitable for monitoring HPV prevalence are not routinely collected for other diagnostic or screening purposes in males. Thus, dedicated surveillance strategies must be designed; the framework of these may be country-specific, dependent upon the male population that is offered vaccination, the health care infrastructure and existing models of disease surveillance such as STI networks. The primary objective of any male HPV surveillance program will be to document changes in the prevalence of HPV infection and disease due to vaccine targeted HPV types occurring post vaccination. The full spectrum of outcomes to be considered for inclusion in any surveillance plan includes HPV prevalence monitoring, anogenital warts, potentially pre-cancerous lesions such as anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), and cancers. Ideally, a combination of short term and long term outcome measures would be included. Surveillance over time in specific targeted populations of men who have sex with men and HIV-infected men (populations at high risk for HPV infection and associated disease) could be an efficient use of resources to demonstrate impact. Keywords: Human papillomavirus, Males, Disease surveillance, Vaccine effectivenesshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405852115300197 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Julia M.L. Brotherton Anna R. Giuliano Lauri E. Markowitz Eileen F. Dunne Gina S. Ogilvie |
spellingShingle |
Julia M.L. Brotherton Anna R. Giuliano Lauri E. Markowitz Eileen F. Dunne Gina S. Ogilvie Monitoring the impact of HPV vaccine in males—Considerations and challenges Papillomavirus Research |
author_facet |
Julia M.L. Brotherton Anna R. Giuliano Lauri E. Markowitz Eileen F. Dunne Gina S. Ogilvie |
author_sort |
Julia M.L. Brotherton |
title |
Monitoring the impact of HPV vaccine in males—Considerations and challenges |
title_short |
Monitoring the impact of HPV vaccine in males—Considerations and challenges |
title_full |
Monitoring the impact of HPV vaccine in males—Considerations and challenges |
title_fullStr |
Monitoring the impact of HPV vaccine in males—Considerations and challenges |
title_full_unstemmed |
Monitoring the impact of HPV vaccine in males—Considerations and challenges |
title_sort |
monitoring the impact of hpv vaccine in males—considerations and challenges |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Papillomavirus Research |
issn |
2405-8521 |
publishDate |
2016-12-01 |
description |
In this article, we examine the issues involved if national or sub-national programs are considering extending post HPV vaccine introduction monitoring to include males. Vaccination programs are now being extended to include males in some countries, in order to improve population level HPV infection control and to directly prevent HPV-related disease in males such as anogenital warts and anal cancers. Coverage and adverse events surveillance are essential components of post-vaccination monitoring. Monitoring the impact of vaccination on HPV infection and disease in men raises some similar challenges to monitoring in females, such as the long time frame until cancer outcomes, and also different ones given that genital specimens suitable for monitoring HPV prevalence are not routinely collected for other diagnostic or screening purposes in males. Thus, dedicated surveillance strategies must be designed; the framework of these may be country-specific, dependent upon the male population that is offered vaccination, the health care infrastructure and existing models of disease surveillance such as STI networks. The primary objective of any male HPV surveillance program will be to document changes in the prevalence of HPV infection and disease due to vaccine targeted HPV types occurring post vaccination. The full spectrum of outcomes to be considered for inclusion in any surveillance plan includes HPV prevalence monitoring, anogenital warts, potentially pre-cancerous lesions such as anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), and cancers. Ideally, a combination of short term and long term outcome measures would be included. Surveillance over time in specific targeted populations of men who have sex with men and HIV-infected men (populations at high risk for HPV infection and associated disease) could be an efficient use of resources to demonstrate impact. Keywords: Human papillomavirus, Males, Disease surveillance, Vaccine effectiveness |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405852115300197 |
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