Proteinuria in Primary and Secondary Renal Diseases

• Main Authors: Anuradha B. Patil, C.V. B. Prasad, Shivaprasad S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2012-02-01
• Series: Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
• Subjects: albuminuria; nephrotic syndrome; hypertensive nephropathies; diabetic nephropathies; nephrin
• Online Access: https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/1874/39%20-%203237.(A).pdf

Proteinuria is a strong indicator of kidney disease. Various pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and hypertension have been shown to provoke secondary kidney problems and significant proteinuria. Studies have demonstrated that the normal glomerulus filters substantial amounts of albumin and, This filtered albumin is then processed by proximal tubular cells by two distinct pathways; a retrieval pathway and degradation pathway. Dysfunction in either one of these pathways gives rise to discrete forms of albuminuria. Different proteinuric factors (PF) and glomerular permeability factors appears to be involved in the abnormal glomerular permeability and are responsible for the development of proteinuria in primary nephritic syndrome. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has prosclerotic property, can induce nephrosclerosis and is implicated in proteinuria of hypertension. Proteinuria is an important marker in renal disease, and an useful prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease. Microalbuminuria is the earliest clue of renal complications of metabolic syndrome. Renal insufficiency was an independent risk factor for death in elderly patients after myocardial infarction.