Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment in Lymph Node Metastasis
In nearly all human cancers, the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis increases clinical staging and portends worse prognosis (compared to patients without LN metastasis). Herein, principally reviewing experimental and clinical data related to malignant melanoma, we discuss diverse factors that ar...
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Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/1/927/ |
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doaj-afda10ac55504703834b7410c2f6b2942020-11-24T23:20:57ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942011-03-013192794410.3390/cancers3010927Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment in Lymph Node MetastasisSam T. HwangAshley SullivanTomonori TakekoshiXuesong WuIn nearly all human cancers, the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis increases clinical staging and portends worse prognosis (compared to patients without LN metastasis). Herein, principally reviewing experimental and clinical data related to malignant melanoma, we discuss diverse factors that are mechanistically involved in LN metastasis. We highlight recent data that link tumor microenvironment, including inflammation (at the cellular and cytokine levels) and tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis, with nodal metastasis. Many of the newly identified genes that appear to influence LN metastasis facilitate general motility, chemotactic, or invasive properties that also increase the ability of cancer cells to disseminate and survive at distant organ sites. These new biomarkers will help predict clinical outcome and point to novel future therapies in metastatic melanoma as well as other cancers. http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/1/927/melanomalymph node metastasismicroenvironmentinflammationcytokineschemokinesepithelial-mesenchymal transitionlymphangiogenesis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sam T. Hwang Ashley Sullivan Tomonori Takekoshi Xuesong Wu |
spellingShingle |
Sam T. Hwang Ashley Sullivan Tomonori Takekoshi Xuesong Wu Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment in Lymph Node Metastasis Cancers melanoma lymph node metastasis microenvironment inflammation cytokines chemokines epithelial-mesenchymal transition lymphangiogenesis |
author_facet |
Sam T. Hwang Ashley Sullivan Tomonori Takekoshi Xuesong Wu |
author_sort |
Sam T. Hwang |
title |
Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment in Lymph Node Metastasis |
title_short |
Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment in Lymph Node Metastasis |
title_full |
Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment in Lymph Node Metastasis |
title_fullStr |
Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment in Lymph Node Metastasis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Inflammation and Tumor Microenvironment in Lymph Node Metastasis |
title_sort |
inflammation and tumor microenvironment in lymph node metastasis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cancers |
issn |
2072-6694 |
publishDate |
2011-03-01 |
description |
In nearly all human cancers, the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis increases clinical staging and portends worse prognosis (compared to patients without LN metastasis). Herein, principally reviewing experimental and clinical data related to malignant melanoma, we discuss diverse factors that are mechanistically involved in LN metastasis. We highlight recent data that link tumor microenvironment, including inflammation (at the cellular and cytokine levels) and tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis, with nodal metastasis. Many of the newly identified genes that appear to influence LN metastasis facilitate general motility, chemotactic, or invasive properties that also increase the ability of cancer cells to disseminate and survive at distant organ sites. These new biomarkers will help predict clinical outcome and point to novel future therapies in metastatic melanoma as well as other cancers. |
topic |
melanoma lymph node metastasis microenvironment inflammation cytokines chemokines epithelial-mesenchymal transition lymphangiogenesis |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/1/927/ |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT samthwang inflammationandtumormicroenvironmentinlymphnodemetastasis AT ashleysullivan inflammationandtumormicroenvironmentinlymphnodemetastasis AT tomonoritakekoshi inflammationandtumormicroenvironmentinlymphnodemetastasis AT xuesongwu inflammationandtumormicroenvironmentinlymphnodemetastasis |
_version_ |
1725573652585381888 |