Antimicrobial Face Shield: Next Generation of Facial Protective Equipment against SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Transparent materials used for facial protection equipment provide protection against microbial infections caused by viruses and bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. However, transparent materials used for this type of application are made of materials that do not possess antimicrobial a...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-09-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/17/9518 |
id |
doaj-b11f8127ec004777aa28d83d17229b16 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-b11f8127ec004777aa28d83d17229b162021-09-09T13:48:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-01229518951810.3390/ijms22179518Antimicrobial Face Shield: Next Generation of Facial Protective Equipment against SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant BacteriaAlberto Tuñón-Molina0Miguel Martí1Yukiko Muramoto2Takeshi Noda3Kazuo Takayama4Ángel Serrano-Aroca5Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab., Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, SpainBiomaterials and Bioengineering Lab., Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, SpainLaboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, JapanLaboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, JapanCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, JapanBiomaterials and Bioengineering Lab., Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, SpainTransparent materials used for facial protection equipment provide protection against microbial infections caused by viruses and bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. However, transparent materials used for this type of application are made of materials that do not possess antimicrobial activity. They just avoid direct contact between the person and the biological agent. Therefore, healthy people can become infected through contact of the contaminated material surfaces and this equipment constitute an increasing source of infectious biological waste. Furthermore, infected people can transmit microbial infections easily because the protective equipment do not inactivate the microbial load generated while breathing, sneezing or coughing. In this regard, the goal of this work consisted of fabricating a transparent face shield with intrinsic antimicrobial activity that could provide extra-protection against infectious agents and reduce the generation of infectious waste. Thus, a single-use transparent antimicrobial face shield composed of polyethylene terephthalate and an antimicrobial coating of benzalkonium chloride has been developed for the next generation of facial protective equipment. The antimicrobial coating was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis. This is the first facial transparent protective material capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in less than one minute of contact, and the methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. Bacterial infections contribute to severe pneumonia associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their resistance to antibiotics is increasing. Our extra protective broad-spectrum antimicrobial composite material could also be applied for the fabrication of other facial protective tools such as such as goggles, helmets, plastic masks and space separation screens used for counters or vehicles. This low-cost technology would be very useful to combat the current pandemic and protect health care workers from multidrug-resistant infections in developed and underdeveloped countries.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/17/9518face shieldfacial protective equipmentSARS-CoV-2phage phi 6MRSAMRSE |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alberto Tuñón-Molina Miguel Martí Yukiko Muramoto Takeshi Noda Kazuo Takayama Ángel Serrano-Aroca |
spellingShingle |
Alberto Tuñón-Molina Miguel Martí Yukiko Muramoto Takeshi Noda Kazuo Takayama Ángel Serrano-Aroca Antimicrobial Face Shield: Next Generation of Facial Protective Equipment against SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria International Journal of Molecular Sciences face shield facial protective equipment SARS-CoV-2 phage phi 6 MRSA MRSE |
author_facet |
Alberto Tuñón-Molina Miguel Martí Yukiko Muramoto Takeshi Noda Kazuo Takayama Ángel Serrano-Aroca |
author_sort |
Alberto Tuñón-Molina |
title |
Antimicrobial Face Shield: Next Generation of Facial Protective Equipment against SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
title_short |
Antimicrobial Face Shield: Next Generation of Facial Protective Equipment against SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
title_full |
Antimicrobial Face Shield: Next Generation of Facial Protective Equipment against SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
title_fullStr |
Antimicrobial Face Shield: Next Generation of Facial Protective Equipment against SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antimicrobial Face Shield: Next Generation of Facial Protective Equipment against SARS-CoV-2 and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria |
title_sort |
antimicrobial face shield: next generation of facial protective equipment against sars-cov-2 and multidrug-resistant bacteria |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Transparent materials used for facial protection equipment provide protection against microbial infections caused by viruses and bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. However, transparent materials used for this type of application are made of materials that do not possess antimicrobial activity. They just avoid direct contact between the person and the biological agent. Therefore, healthy people can become infected through contact of the contaminated material surfaces and this equipment constitute an increasing source of infectious biological waste. Furthermore, infected people can transmit microbial infections easily because the protective equipment do not inactivate the microbial load generated while breathing, sneezing or coughing. In this regard, the goal of this work consisted of fabricating a transparent face shield with intrinsic antimicrobial activity that could provide extra-protection against infectious agents and reduce the generation of infectious waste. Thus, a single-use transparent antimicrobial face shield composed of polyethylene terephthalate and an antimicrobial coating of benzalkonium chloride has been developed for the next generation of facial protective equipment. The antimicrobial coating was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis. This is the first facial transparent protective material capable of inactivating enveloped viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in less than one minute of contact, and the methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. Bacterial infections contribute to severe pneumonia associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their resistance to antibiotics is increasing. Our extra protective broad-spectrum antimicrobial composite material could also be applied for the fabrication of other facial protective tools such as such as goggles, helmets, plastic masks and space separation screens used for counters or vehicles. This low-cost technology would be very useful to combat the current pandemic and protect health care workers from multidrug-resistant infections in developed and underdeveloped countries. |
topic |
face shield facial protective equipment SARS-CoV-2 phage phi 6 MRSA MRSE |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/17/9518 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT albertotunonmolina antimicrobialfaceshieldnextgenerationoffacialprotectiveequipmentagainstsarscov2andmultidrugresistantbacteria AT miguelmarti antimicrobialfaceshieldnextgenerationoffacialprotectiveequipmentagainstsarscov2andmultidrugresistantbacteria AT yukikomuramoto antimicrobialfaceshieldnextgenerationoffacialprotectiveequipmentagainstsarscov2andmultidrugresistantbacteria AT takeshinoda antimicrobialfaceshieldnextgenerationoffacialprotectiveequipmentagainstsarscov2andmultidrugresistantbacteria AT kazuotakayama antimicrobialfaceshieldnextgenerationoffacialprotectiveequipmentagainstsarscov2andmultidrugresistantbacteria AT angelserranoaroca antimicrobialfaceshieldnextgenerationoffacialprotectiveequipmentagainstsarscov2andmultidrugresistantbacteria |
_version_ |
1717760104780005376 |