Tracing Viral Transmission and Evolution of Bovine Leukemia Virus through Long Read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing of the Proviral Genome
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL), a persistent life-long disease resulting in immune dysfunction and shortened lifespan in infected cattle, severely impacting the profitability of the US dairy industry. Our group has found that 94% of dairy farms in the United States...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-09-01
|
Series: | Pathogens |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1191 |
id |
doaj-b1391bb158eb49c494de4eced4ad9927 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-b1391bb158eb49c494de4eced4ad99272021-09-26T00:54:43ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-09-01101191119110.3390/pathogens10091191Tracing Viral Transmission and Evolution of Bovine Leukemia Virus through Long Read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing of the Proviral GenomeLaura A. Pavliscak0Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala1Vikash K. Singh2Kelly R. B. Sporer3Tasia M. Taxis4Pawan Kumar5Sagar M. Goyal6Sunil Kumar Mor7Declan C. Schroeder8Scott J. Wells9Casey J. Droscha10CentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USACentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USADepartment of Large Animal Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USAVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USACentralStar Cooperative, Lansing, MI 48910, USABovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL), a persistent life-long disease resulting in immune dysfunction and shortened lifespan in infected cattle, severely impacting the profitability of the US dairy industry. Our group has found that 94% of dairy farms in the United States are infected with BLV with an average in-herd prevalence of 46%. This is partly due to the lack of clinical presentation during the early stages of primary infection and the elusive nature of BLV transmission. This study sought to validate a near-complete genomic sequencing approach for reliability and accuracy before determining its efficacy in characterizing the sequence identity of BLV proviral genomes collected from a pilot study made up of 14 animals from one commercial dairy herd. These BLV-infected animals were comprised of seven adult dam/daughter pairs that tested positive by ELISA and qPCR. The results demonstrate sequence identity or divergence of the BLV genome from the same samples tested in two independent laboratories, suggesting both vertical and horizontal transmission in this dairy herd. This study supports the use of Oxford Nanopore sequencing for the identification of viral SNPs that can be used for retrospective genetic contact tracing of BLV transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1191bovine leukemia virusretroviral evolutionproviral loadOxford Nanopore Sequencingphylogeneticstargeted sequencing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Laura A. Pavliscak Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala Vikash K. Singh Kelly R. B. Sporer Tasia M. Taxis Pawan Kumar Sagar M. Goyal Sunil Kumar Mor Declan C. Schroeder Scott J. Wells Casey J. Droscha |
spellingShingle |
Laura A. Pavliscak Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala Vikash K. Singh Kelly R. B. Sporer Tasia M. Taxis Pawan Kumar Sagar M. Goyal Sunil Kumar Mor Declan C. Schroeder Scott J. Wells Casey J. Droscha Tracing Viral Transmission and Evolution of Bovine Leukemia Virus through Long Read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing of the Proviral Genome Pathogens bovine leukemia virus retroviral evolution proviral load Oxford Nanopore Sequencing phylogenetics targeted sequencing |
author_facet |
Laura A. Pavliscak Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala Vikash K. Singh Kelly R. B. Sporer Tasia M. Taxis Pawan Kumar Sagar M. Goyal Sunil Kumar Mor Declan C. Schroeder Scott J. Wells Casey J. Droscha |
author_sort |
Laura A. Pavliscak |
title |
Tracing Viral Transmission and Evolution of Bovine Leukemia Virus through Long Read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing of the Proviral Genome |
title_short |
Tracing Viral Transmission and Evolution of Bovine Leukemia Virus through Long Read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing of the Proviral Genome |
title_full |
Tracing Viral Transmission and Evolution of Bovine Leukemia Virus through Long Read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing of the Proviral Genome |
title_fullStr |
Tracing Viral Transmission and Evolution of Bovine Leukemia Virus through Long Read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing of the Proviral Genome |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tracing Viral Transmission and Evolution of Bovine Leukemia Virus through Long Read Oxford Nanopore Sequencing of the Proviral Genome |
title_sort |
tracing viral transmission and evolution of bovine leukemia virus through long read oxford nanopore sequencing of the proviral genome |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Pathogens |
issn |
2076-0817 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL), a persistent life-long disease resulting in immune dysfunction and shortened lifespan in infected cattle, severely impacting the profitability of the US dairy industry. Our group has found that 94% of dairy farms in the United States are infected with BLV with an average in-herd prevalence of 46%. This is partly due to the lack of clinical presentation during the early stages of primary infection and the elusive nature of BLV transmission. This study sought to validate a near-complete genomic sequencing approach for reliability and accuracy before determining its efficacy in characterizing the sequence identity of BLV proviral genomes collected from a pilot study made up of 14 animals from one commercial dairy herd. These BLV-infected animals were comprised of seven adult dam/daughter pairs that tested positive by ELISA and qPCR. The results demonstrate sequence identity or divergence of the BLV genome from the same samples tested in two independent laboratories, suggesting both vertical and horizontal transmission in this dairy herd. This study supports the use of Oxford Nanopore sequencing for the identification of viral SNPs that can be used for retrospective genetic contact tracing of BLV transmission. |
topic |
bovine leukemia virus retroviral evolution proviral load Oxford Nanopore Sequencing phylogenetics targeted sequencing |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1191 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT lauraapavliscak tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT jayaveeramuthunirmala tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT vikashksingh tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT kellyrbsporer tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT tasiamtaxis tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT pawankumar tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT sagarmgoyal tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT sunilkumarmor tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT declancschroeder tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT scottjwells tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome AT caseyjdroscha tracingviraltransmissionandevolutionofbovineleukemiavirusthroughlongreadoxfordnanoporesequencingoftheproviralgenome |
_version_ |
1716869571297673216 |