Molecular epidemiology of fowl adenoviruses in Greece
Outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and adenoviral gizzard erosion have been anecdotally reported in Greece since approximately 2011. However, a relevant increase in clinical outbreaks compatible with IBH has been described since 2014. Unfortunately, with limited exceptions, only serological...
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doaj-b19c1f123cf1403ab551e5c8879107de2020-11-25T03:53:27ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912020-11-01991159835990Molecular epidemiology of fowl adenoviruses in GreeceGiovanni Franzo0Zoi Prentza1Thomas Paparounis2Vasilios Tsiouris3Giovanni Centonze4Matteo Legnardi5Elena Catelli6Claudia Maria Tucciarone7Konstantinos Koutoulis8Mattia Cecchinato9Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua 35020, Legnaro, Italy; Corresponding authors:Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Agricultural Poultry Cooperation of Ioannina “PINDOS”, Rodotopi, Ioannina, Greece; Corresponding authors:Agricultural Poultry Cooperation of Ioannina “PINDOS”, Rodotopi, Ioannina, GreeceAgricultural Poultry Cooperation of Ioannina “PINDOS”, Rodotopi, Ioannina, Greece; Unit of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua 35020, Legnaro, ItalyDepartment of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua 35020, Legnaro, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna 40064, Ozzano dell’Emilia, ItalyDepartment of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua 35020, Legnaro, ItalyDepartment of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, GreeceDepartment of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua 35020, Legnaro, ItalyOutbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and adenoviral gizzard erosion have been anecdotally reported in Greece since approximately 2011. However, a relevant increase in clinical outbreaks compatible with IBH has been described since 2014. Unfortunately, with limited exceptions, only serological assays were performed, and involved strains were not properly characterized. In the present study, 35 outbreaks were investigated in the period between July 2017 and February 2018 in Greece. In addition to clinical and histopathological diagnosis, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) presence was investigated by PCR and sequencing. Thirty-four out of 35 samples tested FAdV positive. Twenty-nine (85.29%) and 5 (14.71%) strains were classified as FAdV-E and FAdV-D, respectively. Fowl adenovirus-E strains were genetically homogeneous and formed an independent cluster of Greek-only sequences, including the sole previously available sequence, suggesting the prolonged circulation of this species in Greece. On the contrary, FAdV-D strains were more heterogeneous and closely related to strains sampled in other European countries, testifying the occurrence of multiple introduction events. The evaluation of phylogenetic relationships, geographic clustering, age of infection, and origin of the broiler breeder flocks suggests that both vertical and horizontal transmission are important in FAdV epidemiology in Greece and highlights the limited efficacy of currently implemented control measures. Of note, a significantly higher mortality was observed in precociously infected flocks, likely because of the higher susceptibility of younger animals. This evidence stresses the need of preventing vertical and/or early infection to limit the economic impact of adenovirus-induced diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120304880fowl adenovirusGreeceepidemiologyspeciessequencing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Giovanni Franzo Zoi Prentza Thomas Paparounis Vasilios Tsiouris Giovanni Centonze Matteo Legnardi Elena Catelli Claudia Maria Tucciarone Konstantinos Koutoulis Mattia Cecchinato |
spellingShingle |
Giovanni Franzo Zoi Prentza Thomas Paparounis Vasilios Tsiouris Giovanni Centonze Matteo Legnardi Elena Catelli Claudia Maria Tucciarone Konstantinos Koutoulis Mattia Cecchinato Molecular epidemiology of fowl adenoviruses in Greece Poultry Science fowl adenovirus Greece epidemiology species sequencing |
author_facet |
Giovanni Franzo Zoi Prentza Thomas Paparounis Vasilios Tsiouris Giovanni Centonze Matteo Legnardi Elena Catelli Claudia Maria Tucciarone Konstantinos Koutoulis Mattia Cecchinato |
author_sort |
Giovanni Franzo |
title |
Molecular epidemiology of fowl adenoviruses in Greece |
title_short |
Molecular epidemiology of fowl adenoviruses in Greece |
title_full |
Molecular epidemiology of fowl adenoviruses in Greece |
title_fullStr |
Molecular epidemiology of fowl adenoviruses in Greece |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular epidemiology of fowl adenoviruses in Greece |
title_sort |
molecular epidemiology of fowl adenoviruses in greece |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Poultry Science |
issn |
0032-5791 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and adenoviral gizzard erosion have been anecdotally reported in Greece since approximately 2011. However, a relevant increase in clinical outbreaks compatible with IBH has been described since 2014. Unfortunately, with limited exceptions, only serological assays were performed, and involved strains were not properly characterized. In the present study, 35 outbreaks were investigated in the period between July 2017 and February 2018 in Greece. In addition to clinical and histopathological diagnosis, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) presence was investigated by PCR and sequencing. Thirty-four out of 35 samples tested FAdV positive. Twenty-nine (85.29%) and 5 (14.71%) strains were classified as FAdV-E and FAdV-D, respectively. Fowl adenovirus-E strains were genetically homogeneous and formed an independent cluster of Greek-only sequences, including the sole previously available sequence, suggesting the prolonged circulation of this species in Greece. On the contrary, FAdV-D strains were more heterogeneous and closely related to strains sampled in other European countries, testifying the occurrence of multiple introduction events. The evaluation of phylogenetic relationships, geographic clustering, age of infection, and origin of the broiler breeder flocks suggests that both vertical and horizontal transmission are important in FAdV epidemiology in Greece and highlights the limited efficacy of currently implemented control measures. Of note, a significantly higher mortality was observed in precociously infected flocks, likely because of the higher susceptibility of younger animals. This evidence stresses the need of preventing vertical and/or early infection to limit the economic impact of adenovirus-induced diseases. |
topic |
fowl adenovirus Greece epidemiology species sequencing |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579120304880 |
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