Characterization and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde-Furfural Co-condensed Resins as Wood Adhesives
Furfural, as an organic compound derived from biomass materials, was used to partially substitute for formaldehyde in the synthesis of UF resin. Urea-formaldehyde-furfural co-condensed (UFFR) resins with different substitute ratios of furfural to formaldehyde (FR/F) were prepared. The effects of the...
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North Carolina State University
2014-08-01
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doaj-b1aace7c99d541b3ae58feb940191d622020-11-24T23:06:50ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21261930-21262014-08-01946267627610.15376/biores.9.4.6267-6276Characterization and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde-Furfural Co-condensed Resins as Wood AdhesivesJizhi Zhang0Hui Chen1Antonio Pizzi2Yonghua Li3Qiang Gao4Jianzhang Li5MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University; ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University; ChinaENSTIB-LERMAB, University of Lorraine; FranceMOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University; ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University; ChinaMOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University; ChinaFurfural, as an organic compound derived from biomass materials, was used to partially substitute for formaldehyde in the synthesis of UF resin. Urea-formaldehyde-furfural co-condensed (UFFR) resins with different substitute ratios of furfural to formaldehyde (FR/F) were prepared. The effects of the FR/F substitute ratio on the performances of UFFR resins were investigated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to characterize the chemical structures of UFFR resins. Plywood bonded by these resins was manufactured, and its bond strength and formaldehyde emission were measured. The results showed that the substitution of furfural in place of formaldehyde could reduce the free formaldehyde content effectively at the expense of prolongation of the curing time. The spectra of MALDI-TOF and FTIR confirmed the co-condensation of urea-formaldehyde-furfural both in uncured and cured resins. Plywood prepared under optimized parameters could yield high bond strength and low formaldehyde emission, which were 0.84 MPa and 0.23 ppm, respectively. The optimized parameters were as follows: a FR/F substitute ratio of 1/3; 1% (NH4)2S2O8 as the curing agent; and a hot pressing temperature of 130 °C. Hence, it is feasible to substitute partially formaldehyde by furfural to prepare UFFR resins as wood adhesives for plywood.http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_09_4_6267_Zhang_Urea_Formaldehyde_FurfuralFurfuralUrea-formaldehyde resinCo-condensationWood adhesivesPlywood |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jizhi Zhang Hui Chen Antonio Pizzi Yonghua Li Qiang Gao Jianzhang Li |
spellingShingle |
Jizhi Zhang Hui Chen Antonio Pizzi Yonghua Li Qiang Gao Jianzhang Li Characterization and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde-Furfural Co-condensed Resins as Wood Adhesives BioResources Furfural Urea-formaldehyde resin Co-condensation Wood adhesives Plywood |
author_facet |
Jizhi Zhang Hui Chen Antonio Pizzi Yonghua Li Qiang Gao Jianzhang Li |
author_sort |
Jizhi Zhang |
title |
Characterization and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde-Furfural Co-condensed Resins as Wood Adhesives |
title_short |
Characterization and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde-Furfural Co-condensed Resins as Wood Adhesives |
title_full |
Characterization and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde-Furfural Co-condensed Resins as Wood Adhesives |
title_fullStr |
Characterization and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde-Furfural Co-condensed Resins as Wood Adhesives |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization and Application of Urea-Formaldehyde-Furfural Co-condensed Resins as Wood Adhesives |
title_sort |
characterization and application of urea-formaldehyde-furfural co-condensed resins as wood adhesives |
publisher |
North Carolina State University |
series |
BioResources |
issn |
1930-2126 1930-2126 |
publishDate |
2014-08-01 |
description |
Furfural, as an organic compound derived from biomass materials, was used to partially substitute for formaldehyde in the synthesis of UF resin. Urea-formaldehyde-furfural co-condensed (UFFR) resins with different substitute ratios of furfural to formaldehyde (FR/F) were prepared. The effects of the FR/F substitute ratio on the performances of UFFR resins were investigated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to characterize the chemical structures of UFFR resins. Plywood bonded by these resins was manufactured, and its bond strength and formaldehyde emission were measured. The results showed that the substitution of furfural in place of formaldehyde could reduce the free formaldehyde content effectively at the expense of prolongation of the curing time. The spectra of MALDI-TOF and FTIR confirmed the co-condensation of urea-formaldehyde-furfural both in uncured and cured resins. Plywood prepared under optimized parameters could yield high bond strength and low formaldehyde emission, which were 0.84 MPa and 0.23 ppm, respectively. The optimized parameters were as follows: a FR/F substitute ratio of 1/3; 1% (NH4)2S2O8 as the curing agent; and a hot pressing temperature of 130 °C. Hence, it is feasible to substitute partially formaldehyde by furfural to prepare UFFR resins as wood adhesives for plywood. |
topic |
Furfural Urea-formaldehyde resin Co-condensation Wood adhesives Plywood |
url |
http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_09_4_6267_Zhang_Urea_Formaldehyde_Furfural |
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