Specific and Spillover Effects on Vectors Following Infection of Two RNA Viruses in Pepper Plants
Mixed infection of plant viruses is ubiquitous in nature and can affect virus–plant–vector interactions differently than single virus infection. While several studies have examined virus–virus interactions involving mixed virus infection, relatively few have examined effects of mixed virus infection...
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doaj-b32bd93e667b45029da72c9cb360c8e52020-11-25T02:30:49ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-09-011160260210.3390/insects11090602Specific and Spillover Effects on Vectors Following Infection of Two RNA Viruses in Pepper PlantsSaurabh Gautam0Habibu Mugerwa1Sivamani Sundaraj2Kiran R. Gadhave3John F. Murphy4Bhabesh Dutta5Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan6Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USADepartment of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USADepartment of Entomology, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USADepartment of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USADepartment of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, AL 36849, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, 3250 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USADepartment of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USAMixed infection of plant viruses is ubiquitous in nature and can affect virus–plant–vector interactions differently than single virus infection. While several studies have examined virus–virus interactions involving mixed virus infection, relatively few have examined effects of mixed virus infection on vector preference and fitness, especially when multiple vectors are involved. This study explored how single and mixed viral infection of a non-persistently transmitted cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and propagative and persistently-transmitted tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) in pepper, <i>Capsicum annum</i> L., influenced the preference and fitness of their vectors, the green peach aphid, <i>Myzus persicae</i> (Sulzer), and the tobacco thrips, <i>Frankliniella fusca</i> (Hinds), respectively. In general, mixed infected plants exhibited severe symptoms compared with individually infected plants. An antagonistic interaction between the two viruses was observed when CMV titer was reduced following mixed infection with TSWV in comparison with the single infection. TSWV titer did not differ between single and mixed infection. <i>Myzus persicae</i> settling preference and median developmental were not significantly different between CMV and/or TSWV-infected and non-infected plants. Moreover, <i>M. persicae</i> fecundity did not differ between CMV-infected and non-infected pepper plants. However, <i>M. persicae</i> fecundity was substantially greater on TSWV-infected plants than non-infected plants. <i>Myzus persicae</i> fecundity on mixed-infected plants was significantly lower than on singly-infected and non-infected plants. <i>Frankliniella fusca</i> fecundity was higher on CMV and/or TSWV-infected pepper plants than non-infected pepper plants. Furthermore, <i>F. fusca</i>-induced feeding damage was higher on TSWV-infected than on CMV-infected, mixed-infected, or non-infected pepper plants. Overall, our results indicate that the effects of mixed virus infection on vectors were not different from those observed following single virus infection. Virus-induced host phenotype-modulated effects were realized on both specific and non-specific vectors, suggesting crosstalk involving all vectors and viruses in this pathosystem. The driving forces of these interactions need to be further examined. The effects of interactions between two viruses and two vectors towards epidemics of one or both viruses also need to be examined.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/9/602cucumber mosaic virustomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus<i>Myzus persicae</i><i>Frankliniella fusca</i>vector–virus interactions |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Saurabh Gautam Habibu Mugerwa Sivamani Sundaraj Kiran R. Gadhave John F. Murphy Bhabesh Dutta Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan |
spellingShingle |
Saurabh Gautam Habibu Mugerwa Sivamani Sundaraj Kiran R. Gadhave John F. Murphy Bhabesh Dutta Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan Specific and Spillover Effects on Vectors Following Infection of Two RNA Viruses in Pepper Plants Insects cucumber mosaic virus tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus <i>Myzus persicae</i> <i>Frankliniella fusca</i> vector–virus interactions |
author_facet |
Saurabh Gautam Habibu Mugerwa Sivamani Sundaraj Kiran R. Gadhave John F. Murphy Bhabesh Dutta Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan |
author_sort |
Saurabh Gautam |
title |
Specific and Spillover Effects on Vectors Following Infection of Two RNA Viruses in Pepper Plants |
title_short |
Specific and Spillover Effects on Vectors Following Infection of Two RNA Viruses in Pepper Plants |
title_full |
Specific and Spillover Effects on Vectors Following Infection of Two RNA Viruses in Pepper Plants |
title_fullStr |
Specific and Spillover Effects on Vectors Following Infection of Two RNA Viruses in Pepper Plants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Specific and Spillover Effects on Vectors Following Infection of Two RNA Viruses in Pepper Plants |
title_sort |
specific and spillover effects on vectors following infection of two rna viruses in pepper plants |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Insects |
issn |
2075-4450 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Mixed infection of plant viruses is ubiquitous in nature and can affect virus–plant–vector interactions differently than single virus infection. While several studies have examined virus–virus interactions involving mixed virus infection, relatively few have examined effects of mixed virus infection on vector preference and fitness, especially when multiple vectors are involved. This study explored how single and mixed viral infection of a non-persistently transmitted cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and propagative and persistently-transmitted tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) in pepper, <i>Capsicum annum</i> L., influenced the preference and fitness of their vectors, the green peach aphid, <i>Myzus persicae</i> (Sulzer), and the tobacco thrips, <i>Frankliniella fusca</i> (Hinds), respectively. In general, mixed infected plants exhibited severe symptoms compared with individually infected plants. An antagonistic interaction between the two viruses was observed when CMV titer was reduced following mixed infection with TSWV in comparison with the single infection. TSWV titer did not differ between single and mixed infection. <i>Myzus persicae</i> settling preference and median developmental were not significantly different between CMV and/or TSWV-infected and non-infected plants. Moreover, <i>M. persicae</i> fecundity did not differ between CMV-infected and non-infected pepper plants. However, <i>M. persicae</i> fecundity was substantially greater on TSWV-infected plants than non-infected plants. <i>Myzus persicae</i> fecundity on mixed-infected plants was significantly lower than on singly-infected and non-infected plants. <i>Frankliniella fusca</i> fecundity was higher on CMV and/or TSWV-infected pepper plants than non-infected pepper plants. Furthermore, <i>F. fusca</i>-induced feeding damage was higher on TSWV-infected than on CMV-infected, mixed-infected, or non-infected pepper plants. Overall, our results indicate that the effects of mixed virus infection on vectors were not different from those observed following single virus infection. Virus-induced host phenotype-modulated effects were realized on both specific and non-specific vectors, suggesting crosstalk involving all vectors and viruses in this pathosystem. The driving forces of these interactions need to be further examined. The effects of interactions between two viruses and two vectors towards epidemics of one or both viruses also need to be examined. |
topic |
cucumber mosaic virus tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus <i>Myzus persicae</i> <i>Frankliniella fusca</i> vector–virus interactions |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/9/602 |
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