Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease most commonly seen in premature infants who required mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress. While advances in neonatal care have resulted in improved survival rates of premature infants, limited progress ha...
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doaj-b39759a274964dbba7240de611f78e9c2020-11-24T21:25:56ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832017-01-0161410.3390/jcm6010004jcm6010004Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary OutcomesLauren M. Davidson0Sara K. Berkelhamer1Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14228, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14228, USABronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease most commonly seen in premature infants who required mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress. While advances in neonatal care have resulted in improved survival rates of premature infants, limited progress has been made in reducing rates of BPD. Lack of progress may in part be attributed to the limited therapeutic options available for prevention and treatment of BPD. Several lung-protective strategies have been shown to reduce risks, including use of non-invasive support, as well as early extubation and volume ventilation when intubation is required. These approaches, along with optimal nutrition and medical therapy, decrease risk of BPD; however, impacts on long-term outcomes are poorly defined. Characterization of late outcomes remain a challenge as rapid advances in medical management result in current adult BPD survivors representing outdated neonatal care. While pulmonary disease improves with growth, long-term follow-up studies raise concerns for persistent pulmonary dysfunction; asthma-like symptoms and exercise intolerance in young adults after BPD. Abnormal ventilatory responses and pulmonary hypertension can further complicate disease. These pulmonary morbidities, combined with environmental and infectious exposures, may result in significant long-term pulmonary sequalae and represent a growing burden on health systems. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to determine outcomes beyond the second decade, and define risk factors and optimal treatment for late sequalae of disease.http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/6/1/4bronchopulmonary dysplasianeonatal lung injurychronic lung disease of prematuritylong-term outcomes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lauren M. Davidson Sara K. Berkelhamer |
spellingShingle |
Lauren M. Davidson Sara K. Berkelhamer Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes Journal of Clinical Medicine bronchopulmonary dysplasia neonatal lung injury chronic lung disease of prematurity long-term outcomes |
author_facet |
Lauren M. Davidson Sara K. Berkelhamer |
author_sort |
Lauren M. Davidson |
title |
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes |
title_short |
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes |
title_full |
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes |
title_fullStr |
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy and Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes |
title_sort |
bronchopulmonary dysplasia: chronic lung disease of infancy and long-term pulmonary outcomes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2017-01-01 |
description |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease most commonly seen in premature infants who required mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress. While advances in neonatal care have resulted in improved survival rates of premature infants, limited progress has been made in reducing rates of BPD. Lack of progress may in part be attributed to the limited therapeutic options available for prevention and treatment of BPD. Several lung-protective strategies have been shown to reduce risks, including use of non-invasive support, as well as early extubation and volume ventilation when intubation is required. These approaches, along with optimal nutrition and medical therapy, decrease risk of BPD; however, impacts on long-term outcomes are poorly defined. Characterization of late outcomes remain a challenge as rapid advances in medical management result in current adult BPD survivors representing outdated neonatal care. While pulmonary disease improves with growth, long-term follow-up studies raise concerns for persistent pulmonary dysfunction; asthma-like symptoms and exercise intolerance in young adults after BPD. Abnormal ventilatory responses and pulmonary hypertension can further complicate disease. These pulmonary morbidities, combined with environmental and infectious exposures, may result in significant long-term pulmonary sequalae and represent a growing burden on health systems. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to determine outcomes beyond the second decade, and define risk factors and optimal treatment for late sequalae of disease. |
topic |
bronchopulmonary dysplasia neonatal lung injury chronic lung disease of prematurity long-term outcomes |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/6/1/4 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT laurenmdavidson bronchopulmonarydysplasiachroniclungdiseaseofinfancyandlongtermpulmonaryoutcomes AT sarakberkelhamer bronchopulmonarydysplasiachroniclungdiseaseofinfancyandlongtermpulmonaryoutcomes |
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