| Summary: | We use scanning optical magnetometry to study the broadband frequency spectra of spontaneous magnetization fluctuations, or “magnetization noise,” in an archetypal ferromagnetic film that can be smoothly tuned through a spin-reorientation transition (SRT). The SRT is achieved by laterally varying the magnetic anisotropy across an ultrathin Pt/Co/Pt trilayer, from the perpendicular to in-plane direction, via graded Ar^{+} irradiation. In regions exhibiting perpendicular anisotropy, the power spectrum of the magnetization noise S(ν) exhibits a remarkably robust ν^{-3/2} power law over frequencies ν from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. As the SRT region is traversed, however, S(ν) spectra develop a steadily increasing critical frequency ν_{0}, below which the noise power is spectrally flat, indicating an evolving low-frequency cutoff for magnetization fluctuations. The magnetization noise depends strongly on applied in- and out-of-plane magnetic fields, revealing local anisotropies and also a field-induced emergence of fluctuations in otherwise stable ferromagnetic films. Finally, we demonstrate that higher-order correlators can be computed from the noise. These results highlight broadband spectroscopy of thermodynamic fluctuations as a powerful tool to characterize the interplay between thermal and magnetic energy scales, and as a means of characterizing phase transitions in ferromagnets.
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