Unraveling Myelin Plasticity
Plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) allows for responses to changing environmental signals. While the majority of studies on brain plasticity focus on neuronal synapses, myelin plasticity has now begun to emerge as a potential modulator of neuronal networks. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce...
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2020-06-01
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doaj-b423adc389964c21bd99b7a1ea85f60e2020-11-25T03:09:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022020-06-011410.3389/fncel.2020.00156543118Unraveling Myelin PlasticityGiulia Bonetto0Yasmine Kamen1Kimberley Anne Evans2Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir3Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir4Wellcome – Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomWellcome – Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomWellcome – Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomWellcome – Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomDepartment of Physiology, Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandPlasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) allows for responses to changing environmental signals. While the majority of studies on brain plasticity focus on neuronal synapses, myelin plasticity has now begun to emerge as a potential modulator of neuronal networks. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce myelin, which provides fast signal transmission, allows for synchronization of neuronal inputs, and helps to maintain neuronal function. Thus, myelination is also thought to be involved in learning. OLs differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are distributed throughout the adult brain, and myelination continues into late adulthood. This process is orchestrated by numerous cellular and molecular signals, such as axonal diameter, growth factors, extracellular signaling molecules, and neuronal activity. However, the relative importance of, and cooperation between, these signaling pathways is currently unknown. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge about myelin plasticity in the CNS. We discuss new insights into the link between this type of plasticity, learning and behavior, as well as mechanistic aspects of myelin formation that may underlie myelin plasticity, highlighting OPC diversity in the CNS.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2020.00156/fullmyelin plasticityoligodendrocyteoligodendrocyte precursor cellmyelinglutamate |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Giulia Bonetto Yasmine Kamen Kimberley Anne Evans Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir |
spellingShingle |
Giulia Bonetto Yasmine Kamen Kimberley Anne Evans Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir Unraveling Myelin Plasticity Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience myelin plasticity oligodendrocyte oligodendrocyte precursor cell myelin glutamate |
author_facet |
Giulia Bonetto Yasmine Kamen Kimberley Anne Evans Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir |
author_sort |
Giulia Bonetto |
title |
Unraveling Myelin Plasticity |
title_short |
Unraveling Myelin Plasticity |
title_full |
Unraveling Myelin Plasticity |
title_fullStr |
Unraveling Myelin Plasticity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Unraveling Myelin Plasticity |
title_sort |
unraveling myelin plasticity |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-5102 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
Plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) allows for responses to changing environmental signals. While the majority of studies on brain plasticity focus on neuronal synapses, myelin plasticity has now begun to emerge as a potential modulator of neuronal networks. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce myelin, which provides fast signal transmission, allows for synchronization of neuronal inputs, and helps to maintain neuronal function. Thus, myelination is also thought to be involved in learning. OLs differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are distributed throughout the adult brain, and myelination continues into late adulthood. This process is orchestrated by numerous cellular and molecular signals, such as axonal diameter, growth factors, extracellular signaling molecules, and neuronal activity. However, the relative importance of, and cooperation between, these signaling pathways is currently unknown. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge about myelin plasticity in the CNS. We discuss new insights into the link between this type of plasticity, learning and behavior, as well as mechanistic aspects of myelin formation that may underlie myelin plasticity, highlighting OPC diversity in the CNS. |
topic |
myelin plasticity oligodendrocyte oligodendrocyte precursor cell myelin glutamate |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2020.00156/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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