Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles
<p>Agricultural activities can modify natural ecosystems and change the nature of the aerosols emitted from those landscapes. The harvesting of crops can loft plant fragments and soil dust into the atmosphere that can travel long distances and interact with clouds far from their sources. In...
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doaj-b45bcbfa97684282a3d907a7ad0c02432020-11-24T21:24:56ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242018-09-0118137551377110.5194/acp-18-13755-2018Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particlesK. J. Suski0K. J. Suski1T. C. J. Hill2E. J. T. Levin3A. Miller4P. J. DeMott5S. M. Kreidenweis6Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAnow at: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USADepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAReed College, Portland, OR 97202, USADepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA<p>Agricultural activities can modify natural ecosystems and change the nature of the aerosols emitted from those landscapes. The harvesting of crops can loft plant fragments and soil dust into the atmosphere that can travel long distances and interact with clouds far from their sources. In this way harvesting may contribute substantially to ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations, especially in regions where agriculture makes up a large percentage of land use. However, a full characterization of particles emitted during harvesting has not been reported. This study characterizes immersion mode INPs emitted during harvesting of several crops in the High Plains region of the United States. The Colorado State University Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC) and the Ice Spectrometer (IS) were utilized to measure INP concentrations during active harvesting of four crops in Kansas and Wyoming. Large spikes of INPs were observed during harvesting, with concentrations over 200 L<sup>−1</sup> at −30 °C measured during a wheat harvest. To differentiate between mineral and organic components, a novel heating tube method was employed in real time upstream of the CFDC to deactivate organic INPs in situ. The results indicate that harvesting produces a complex mixture of organic, soil dust, and mineral components that varies for different crops. Electron microscopy analysis showed that while mineral components made up a large proportion of INPs, organic components comprised over 40 % of measured INPs for certain crops at warm temperatures. Heating and enzyme post-treatment of aerosol samples collected for IS processing indicated that bacteria and heat-labile and heat-stable organics contributed to wheat harvest-produced INPs. These results indicate that plant material and organic particles are a significant component of harvest INPs and their impacts on ice formation in clouds and precipitation on a regional scale should be explored.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/13755/2018/acp-18-13755-2018.pdf |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
K. J. Suski K. J. Suski T. C. J. Hill E. J. T. Levin A. Miller P. J. DeMott S. M. Kreidenweis |
spellingShingle |
K. J. Suski K. J. Suski T. C. J. Hill E. J. T. Levin A. Miller P. J. DeMott S. M. Kreidenweis Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
author_facet |
K. J. Suski K. J. Suski T. C. J. Hill E. J. T. Levin A. Miller P. J. DeMott S. M. Kreidenweis |
author_sort |
K. J. Suski |
title |
Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles |
title_short |
Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles |
title_full |
Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles |
title_fullStr |
Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles |
title_sort |
agricultural harvesting emissions of ice-nucleating particles |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
publishDate |
2018-09-01 |
description |
<p>Agricultural activities can modify natural ecosystems and change the nature
of the aerosols emitted from those landscapes. The harvesting of crops can
loft plant fragments and soil dust into the atmosphere that can travel long
distances and interact with clouds far from their sources. In this way
harvesting may contribute substantially to ice-nucleating particle (INP)
concentrations, especially in regions where agriculture makes up a large
percentage of land use. However, a full characterization of particles emitted
during harvesting has not been reported. This study characterizes immersion
mode INPs emitted during harvesting of several crops in the High Plains
region of the United States. The Colorado State University Continuous Flow
Diffusion Chamber (CFDC) and the Ice Spectrometer (IS) were utilized to
measure INP concentrations during active harvesting of four crops in Kansas
and Wyoming. Large spikes of INPs were observed during harvesting, with
concentrations over 200 L<sup>−1</sup> at −30 °C measured during a
wheat harvest. To differentiate between mineral and organic components, a
novel heating tube method was employed in real time upstream of the CFDC to
deactivate organic INPs in situ. The results indicate that harvesting
produces a complex mixture of organic, soil dust, and mineral components that
varies for different crops. Electron microscopy analysis showed that while
mineral components made up a large proportion of INPs, organic components
comprised over 40 % of measured INPs for certain crops at warm
temperatures. Heating and enzyme post-treatment of aerosol samples collected
for IS processing indicated that bacteria and heat-labile and heat-stable
organics contributed to wheat harvest-produced INPs. These results indicate
that plant material and organic particles are a significant component of
harvest INPs and their impacts on ice formation in clouds and precipitation
on a regional scale should be explored.</p> |
url |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/13755/2018/acp-18-13755-2018.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
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