Small Molecule TH-39 Potentially Targets Hec1/Nek2 Interaction and Exhibits Antitumor Efficacy in K562 Cells via G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction

• Main Authors: Yongxia Zhu, Wei Wei, Tinghong Ye, Zhihao Liu, Li Liu, Yong Luo, Lidan Zhang, Chao Gao, Ningyu Wang, Luoting Yu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH & Co KG 2016-11-01
• Series: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry
• Subjects: TH-39; Hec1/Nek2; K562 cells; G0/G1 cell cycle arrest; Apoptosis
• Online Access: http://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/452546

Background: Cancer is still a major public health issue worldwide, and new therapeutics with anti-tumor activity are still urgently needed. Methods: The anti-tumor activity of TH-39, which shows potent anti-proliferative activity against K562 cells with an IC50 of 0.78 µM, was investigated using immunoblot, co-immunoprecipitation, the MTT assay, and flow cytometry. Results: Mechanistically, TH-39 may disrupt the interaction between Hec1 and Nek2 in K562 cells. Moreover, TH-39 inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by influencing the morphology of K562 cells and inducing G0/G1 phase arrest. G0/G1 phase arrest was associated with down-regulation of CDK2-cyclin E complex and CDK4/6-cyclin D complex activities. Furthermore, TH-39 also induced cell apoptosis, which was associated with activation of caspase-3, down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax. TH-39 could also decrease mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in K562 cells. The results indicated that TH-39 might induce apoptosis via the ROS-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy of the anti-cancer compound TH-39 in treatment-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia.